The present invention relates to a microorganism having an acetyl CoA biosynthesis pathway and a butyryl CoA biosynthesis pathway; the microorganism being a recombinant microorganism having an increased ability to produce butanol, wherein a pathway for converting acetyl CoA into acetate is suppressed, and a pathway for converting acetate into acetyl CoA and a pathway for converting butyryl CoA into butanol are promoted. Also, the present invention concerns a method for producing butanol by using the recombinant microorganism.

Methods for the fermentative production of four carbon alcohols is provided. Specifically, butanol, preferably isobutanol is produced by the fermentative growth of a recombinant bacterium expressing an isobutanol biosynthetic pathway.

The present invention is related to recombinant host cells comprising: (i) at least one deletion, mutation, and/or substitution in an endogenous gene encoding a polypeptide that converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, acetyl-phosphate, or acetyl-CoA; and (ii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphoketolase activity. The present invention is also related to recombinant host cells further comprising (iii) a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having phosphotransacetylase activity.

Methods and compositions are provided for treating pain in an individual. Aspects of the methods include administering to the individual an agent that promotes ALDH activity. These methods find many uses, for example in treating and preventing nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain.

To specify a molecule associated with the onset of gout so as to provide a method for evaluating a diathesis of uric acid-related diseases and a diathesis of inflammation-related diseases, an evaluation kit for carrying out the method, an inspection object, and a drug, on the basis of the molecule specified above, for contributing to the early treatment and prevention of the uric acid-related diseases and inflammation-related diseases. The molecule includes any one protein and cDNA of CNIH2-PACS1, ALDH2, MYL2-CUX2, GCKR, MAP3K11, NPT4, ABCG2, HIST1H2BF/HIST1H4E, HIST1H2BE/HIST1H4D and FAM35A, or proteins of combination thereof with GLUT9, NPT1, URAT1, or NXRN2, and is capable of selectively inducing gout. A molecule includes protein and cDNA of an ABCG2 variant and is capable of selectively and ATP-dependently decreasing urate excretion.

This disclosure relates to methods of inducing insulin production from pancreatic duct cells in response to glucose or transdifferentiating pancreatic duct cells into insulin-producing beta-like cells by administering an agent that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 (ALDH3B2) protein or an agent that inhibits the expression of ALDH3B2 gene. This disclosure also relates to methods of treatment of diabetes by administering an agent that inhibits ALDH3B2 protein or an agent that inhibits the expression of ALDH3B2 gene.

A hangover relieving composition including a dry powder, lysate or extract of yeast that produces glutathione and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Further, embodiments relate to a hangover relieving composition containing the dry powder, lysate or extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kwon P-1 KCTC 13925BP and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kwon P-2 KCTC14122BP and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kwon P-3 KCTC14123BP yeast that simultaneously produce glutathione and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

The present invention relates to a recombinant E. coli strain producing 1,3-butanediol from glucose and a method for producing 1,3-butanediol using same, in which a recombinant E. coli strain was developed in which a gene of a pathway necessary for biosynthesis of 1,3-BDO from acetyl-CoA is cloned, and a gene of a pathway that interferes with or competes with this pathway is removed, wherein an E. coli strain was developed in which the pathways and genes involved in the conversion of glucose to acetyl COA, the regeneration rate of NADPH used as a cofactor, and the efficient use of the TCA cycle pathway, which are necessary to improve the biosynthetic efficiency of 1,3-BDO, are modified and optimized.

Described herein are methods to convert a carbohydrate-containing source to a carbonaceous product. In some aspects, the methods include contacting a first portion of the carbohydrate-containing source with a first inoculant comprising a LAB and acetogen, thereby forming a first fermentation mixture; incubating the first fermentation mixture to produce acetate; contacting a second portion of the carbohydrate-containing source with acetate and a second inoculant comprising a solventogenic Clostridia, thereby forming a second fermentation mixture which is incubated to produce the carbonaceous product. Also disclosed herein are fermentation inoculants for the conversion of a carbohydrate-containing source to a carbonaceous product, the inoculant comprising a LAB expressing an enzyme catalyzing the production of lactate from the source, a mixotrophic acetogen expressing an enzyme that catalyzes the production of acetate from lactate and formate, and a solventogenic Clostridia expressing an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the carbonaceous product from the carbohydrate source.

Methods of producing a consumable alcoholic product involve utilizing one or more enzymes to reduce or remove an oral pain response otherwise experienced upon consumption of the product. Methods involve admixing at least one oxidase with a fermentate and optionally distilling the fermentate to produce a consumable alcoholic product, such as a distilled alcohol. Methods involve admixing at least one oxidase comprising an aldehyde dehydrogenase.