Quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets (NPLs) are two types of nanoparticles used as scaffolds for enzymes operating in enzymatic cascades. Combinations of QDs and NPLs were surprisingly found to operate synergistically to create a greater enhancement than either alone when operating as scaffolds for enzymatic cascade reactions. A process involves providing an enzymatic cascade including a cluster of nanoparticles including both QDs and NPLs and having a plurality of enzymes bound thereto, the enzymes configured as an enzymatic cascade, such that the product of a first enzyme is a substrate of a second enzyme; contacting the cascade cluster with a substrate of the first enzyme; and allowing a reaction to proceed so that each of the plurality of enzymes acts in succession to produce an end product. The enzymes are bound to the nanoparticles via metal affinity coordination between histidine tags on the enzymes and zinc-containing surfaces of the nanoparticles.

Provided is a technique for improving the translation efficiency of mRNA. The mRNA includes: a 5 untranslated region of an mRNA encoding a protein; and a 3 untranslated region having 40% or more and 80% or less complementarity to 5 untranslated region.

The present invention relates to a microorganism genetically modified for the production of leucine and/or isoleucine, wherein said microorganism comprises the expression of a heterologous gapN gene coding an NADP-dependent glyceralde-O hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the attenuation of the expression of gapA and gltA genes as compared to an unmodified microorganism. The present invention also relates to a method for the production of leucine and/or isoleucine using said microorganism.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a probiotic extract, wherein the extract comprises a protein fraction derived from a secretion or lysate and having proteins of a molecular weight of up to 100 kDa. The composition may have a number of uses, such as for use in the prevention, management or treatment of bacterial infection or the enhancement and improvement of skin health.

Described herein are engineered cells including ones having synthetic methylotrophy which include an NADH-dependent enzyme capable of converting G3P to 3PG (e.g., B. methanolicus gapN) and/or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, along with hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, a phosphoketolase, or a combination thereof. Engineered cells of the disclosure beneficially maintain adequate pool sizes of phosphorylated C3 and/or C4 compounds, and/or provide increased levels of NADPH. As such, the modifications allow for the generation of C6 compounds from C1 (e.g., a methanol feedstod) and C5 compounds, the regeneration of C5 compounds from C6 compounds by carbon rearrangement, and an improved balance between regeneration of C5 compounds and lower glycolysis. In turn, this allows the engineered microorganism to generate sufficient quantities of metabolic precursors (e.g., acetyl-CoA) which can be used in a bioproduct pathway, and the engineered cells can include further modifications to those pathway enzymes allowing for production of a desired bioproduct.

A Metarhizium pingshaense strain for controlling Solenopsis invicta, and an engineered strain and use thereof are provided, relating to the technical field of controlling Solenopsis invicta. The M. pingshaense strain is a strain isolated from the wild and is highly virulent to the S. invicta. It can be used to control the S. invicta or to construct an engineered strain with improved S. invicta control efficacy. The constructed engineered strain exhibits high virulence to the S. invicta, and enables the ant cadavers infected by the strain to volatilize a large amount of the attractant longifolene of the S. invicta. As a result, the ant cadavers exhibit a luring and killing effect on workers of the S. invicta, significantly limiting the hygienic behavior of the workers.

A genetically engineered microbe capable of producing isoprene from a carbon source and method related thereto include a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a first enzyme, wherein the first enzyme is configured to catalyze one or more steps of a conversion from the carbon source to acetyl coenzyme A (A-CoA), a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a second enzyme of a mevalonate (MVA) pathway, and a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding a third enzyme, wherein the third enzyme is configured to catalyzing an isoprene-producing chemical reaction.