A method is useful for the biocatalytic synthesis of proteinogenic L-amino acids, such as L-alanine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine or L-phenylalanine from a respective aldehyde and carbon dioxide. In particular, the method is useful for the biocatalytic synthesis of L-methionine from 3-methylthio-propanal (methional) and carbon dioxide.

A cathode can include: an electrode substrate; a porphyrin precursor attached to the substrate; and an enzyme coupled to the electrode substrate to be associated with the porphyrin precursor, the enzyme reduces oxygen. The cathode can include a conductive material associated with the porphyrin precursor and/or the enzyme. The cathode can include 1-pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PBSE) associated with the porphyrin precursor and/or the enzyme and/or the conductive material. The cathode can include 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde (DMY-Carb) associated with the 1-pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PBSE) and/or the porphyrin precursor and/or the enzyme and/or the conductive material. The porphyrin precursor is attached to the substrate through covalent coupling. In some aspects, substrate is linked to the porphyrin precursor, the porphyrin precursor is linked to the conductive material, the conductive material is linked to the PBSE, the PBSE is linked to the DMY-carb, and the DMY-carb is linked to the enzyme.

An anode can include: an electrode substrate; a first region of the substrate having a catalyst composition located thereon, wherein the catalyst composition includes an inorganic or metallic catalyst; and a second region of the substrate having an enzyme composition located thereon, wherein the combination of the catalyst composition and enzyme composition converts a fuel reagent to carbon dioxide at neutral pH. The first region and second region can be separate regions. The catalyst of the catalyst composition can include gold nanoparticles. The catalyst can include an inorganic or metallic catalyst selected from vanadium oxide, titanium (III) chloride, Pd(OAc).sub.2, MnO, zeolite, alumina, graphitic carbon, palladium, platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, or combinations thereof. The catalyst can be nanoparticle, nanorod, nanodot, or combination thereof. The catalyst can have sizes that range from about 10 to 20 nm.

A method is useful for the biocatalytic synthesis of proteinogenic L-amino acids, such as L-alanine, L-valine. L-methionine. L-leucine, L-isoleucine or L-phenylalanine from a respective aldehyde and carbon dioxide. In particular, the method is useful for the biocatalytic synthesis of L-methionine from 3-methylthio-propanal (methional) and carbon dioxide.

A recombinant bacteria which is genetically modified to express formate dehydrogenase (FDH), phosphoribulokinase (prk) and Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is disclosed. The bacteria may be modified to be autotrophic.

The present invention relates to enzymatic reactor cells and related methods of use, e.g., to produce a compound or product by using an enzymatic reactor cell, wherein the enzymatic reactor cell includes a surface, a linker, and one or more enzymes.

The present invention relates to an FeS fusion protein acting as an electron transport chain, a novel carbon monoxide:formate oxidoreductase (CFOR) including the FeS fusion protein, novel Thermococcus strain BCF12 transformed with CFOR, and the use thereof. According to the present invention, two different enzymes may be physically linked directly to each other through the FeS fusion protein of the present invention, and thus electrons generated from any one enzyme may be transported directly to another enzyme through the FeS cluster of the FeS fusion protein. Accordingly, a reaction that produces a target substance with high efficiency by directly supplying electrons necessary for the production of the target substance is possible without leakage of electrons generated in any one enzyme. In addition, the present invention has an advantage in that the overall enzyme reaction rate and yield can be dramatically improved using a new electron transport reaction. Furthermore, it is possible to ensure the stability of each enzyme by allowing the enzymes to exist in a physically fixed state in cells.

The present invention relates to enzymatic reactor cells and related methods of use, e.g., to produce a compound or product by using an enzymatic reactor cell, wherein the enzymatic reactor cell includes a surface, a linker, and one or more enzymes.