Provided herein are compositions and methods for improved production of steviol glycosides in a host cell. In some embodiments, the host cell is genetically modified to comprise a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding a Stevia rebaudiana kaurenoic acid hydroxylase. In some embodiments, the host cell further comprises one or more heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding further enzymes of a pathway capable of producing one or more steviol glycosides in the host cell. The compositions and methods described herein provide an efficient route for the heterologous production of steviol glycosides, including but not limited to, rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M.

Provided are a baicalein- and scutellarein-synthesizing microorganism, a preparation method for same, and applications thereof. By modifying a heterologous metabolic pathway of a host cell per a genetic engineering method, acquired is an engineered strain providing a high yield of baicalein and scutellarein. Also provided is a process for utilizing the engineered strain to produce baicalein and scutellarein.

The disclosure relates, in some aspects, to compositions and methods useful for production of nitrated aromatic molecules. The disclosure is based, in pan, on whole cell systems expressing artificial fusion proteins comprising cytochrome P450 enzymes linked to reductase enzymes. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to methods of producing nitrated aromatic molecules in whole cell systems having artificial fusion proteins comprising cytochrome P450 enzymes linked to reductase enzymes.

The invention relates generally to materials and methods for biosynthesising quillaic acid in a host by expressing heterologous nucleotide sequences in the host each of which encodes a polypeptide which in combination have said QA biosynthesis activity. Example polypeptides include (i) a Beta-amyrin synthase; (ii) an enzyme capable of oxidising Beta-amyrin or an oxidised derivative thereof at the C-28 position to a carboxylic acid; (iii) an enzyme capable of oxidising Beta-amyrin or an oxidised derivative thereof at the C-16 position to an alcohol; and (iv) an enzyme capable of oxidising Beta-amyrin or an oxidised derivative thereof at the C-23 position to an aldehyde. Preferred nucleotide sequences are obtained from, or derived from, Q. saponaria.

Provided herein include methods of making mogroside compounds, e.g., Compound 1, compositions (for example host cells) for making the mogroside compounds, and the mogroside compounds made by the methods disclosed herein, and compositions (for example, cell lysates) and recombinant cells comprising the mogroside compounds (e.g., Compound 1). Also provided herein are novel cucurbitadienol synthases and the use thereof.

Recombinant microorganisms, plants, and plant cells are disclosed that have been engineered to express novel recombinant genes encoding steviol biosynthetic enzymes and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Such microorganisms, plants, or plant cells can produce steviol or steviol glycosides, e.g., rubusoside or Rebaudioside A, which can be used as natural sweeteners in food products and dietary supplements.

Described herein is a biochemically produced sandalwood oil including at least 85% santalol and bergamotol and 1% or less cis-lanceol, where the oil has one or more of the following features: i) 5% or less alpha-santalal; ii) 5% or less farnesol; and iii) 0.5% or less spirosantalol. Also described herein are a perfuming composition including the sandalwood oil and a perfuming consumer product including the sandalwood oil. Also described herein are a method of using the biochemically produced sandalwood oil as an anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent, and an arthropod control composition including the sandalwood oil.

Provided herein are genetically modified host cells, compositions, and methods for improved production of steviol glycosides. The host cells are genetically modified to contain a heterologous nucleic acid that expresses novel and optimized variants of UGT76G1. The host cell further contains one or more heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding further enzymes of a pathway capable of producing one or more steviol glycosides in the host cell. The host cells, compositions, and methods described herein provide an efficient route for the heterologous production of rebaudioside M.

The present invention relates to a genetically modified human stem cell, wherein said human stem cell comprises an exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6*) of SEQ ID No. 1, or a variant or fragment thereof and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No. 2 or a variant or fragment thereof, operably linked to a promoter, said exogenous nucleic acid having been inserted into chromosome 17 of said human stem cell. The invention also relates to the use of said cell in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and/or associated metastases, notably solid tumours, in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and/or recurrent cancer and/or associated metastases.

Provided herein are variant uridine-5-diphosphate glycosyltransferase polypeptides capable of producing steviol glycosides, yeast cells capable of producing steviol glycosides, and methods of making such cells. Also provided are fermentation compositions including the disclosed host cells, and related methods of producing and recovering steviol glycosides generated by the yeast cells.