The present invention relates to novel peptides, compositions and methods for the prevention and/or treatment of pathological conditions and diseases associated with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) activity, and/or increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The novel peptides are thus particularly useful for treating and/or preventing cancer, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and aging.

The invention generally relates to plant cells and plants modified to increase resistance to necrotrophs or drought and methods of selecting and using the same. More specifically, the invention relates in part to plant cells and/or plants modified to eliminate or reduce as compared to control plants cell the NADPH oxidase activity or expression of certain respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) proteins and methods of selecting for and using the same.

Provided herein are compositions and methods of using prime editing systems comprising prime editors and prime editing guide RNAs for treatment of genetic disorders.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to methods, compositions, and systems for editing a DNA sequence encoding an endogenous tRNA into a suppressor tRNA using base editing (e.g., to treat a disease caused by a premature termination codon or PTC). Additional aspects relate to compositions comprising a gRNA configured to bind to a DNA sequence encoding an endogenous tRNA. Other aspects relate to complexes comprising a base editor and a gRNA that are capable of editing an endogenous tRNA into a suppressor tRNA. In some aspects, the disclosure further relates to polynucleotides encoding one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding the gRNAs, vectors comprising the polynucleotides, and/or cells comprising the polynucleotides, complexes, gRNAs, and/or vectors disclosed herein. Additional aspects further relate to kits comprising any one of the compositions, complexes, gRNAs, polynucleotides, vectors, and/or cells disclosed herein.

Methods and materials related to producing glyceric acid and downstream products are disclosed. Specifically, isolated nucleic acids. polypeptides, host cells, methods and materials for producing glycolic acid by direct fermentation from sugars are disclosed.

An enzyme electrode that includes: an electrode support; an oxidoreductase; a conjugate of a silane coupling agent and an electron mediator; and a sol-gel matrix, wherein the oxidoreductase and the conjugate are fixed to the electrode support by the sol-gel matrix, and the silane coupling agent has a silicon atom, a reactive functional group, and a hydrolyzable group, and a structure in which the silicon atom and the reactive functional group are linked by a linking group having 4 or more carbon atoms.

A method for estimating a number of phagocytes in a body fluid of an animal includes stimulating NADPH oxidase activity of the phagocytes; and quantifying a resulting reductive dioxygenation of a chemiluminigenic substrate by an emitted chemiluminescence of the chemiluminigenic substrate using an instrument capable of measuring light. The NADPH oxidase activity of the phagocytes is preferably stimulated by an immunologic or chemical capable of activating a respiratory burst by the phagocytes. The NADPH oxidase activity of the phagocytes is preferably stimulated by a stimulus in solution or coated to a surface contacted by the phagocytes. The stimulus is preferably phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The animal is preferably human, and the body fluid is preferably blood and/or spinal fluid. The phagocytes are preferably neutrophil leukocytes, and the chemiluminigenic substrate is preferably lucigenin (N,N-dimethyl-9,9-biacridinium dinitrate). Also provided is a method of treatment based on the estimation method.