The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectious disease. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating HCV infectious disease or an antiviral composition for HCV, containing at least one selected from the group consisting of: GRIM19 protein or a fragment thereof; and a gene encoding the protein or a fragment of the protein.

Provided is an acid-tolerant yeast cell, a method of producing an organic acid by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing the yeast cell resistant to acid.

The present application relates to the field of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly sporadic PD or PD associated with mutations in the mitochondrial kinase PINK1. A new substrate for this kinase, NdufA10, is identified herein. In Parkinson's disease, this protein is dephosphorylated, which is linked to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. It is shown that restoring or mimicking phosphorylation of NdufA10 restores the phenotypic defects associated with Parkinson's disease and is thus a new therapeutic paradigm.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or conditions comprising administration of a therapeutic biological molecule, and/or naturally or artificially occurring derivatives, analogues, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, alone or in combination with one or more active agents (e.g., an aromatic-cationic peptide). The present technology provides compositions related to aromatic-cationic peptides linked to a therapeutic biological molecule and uses of the same. In some embodiments, the aromatic-cationic peptide comprises 2,6-dimethyl-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH.sub.2, Phe-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH.sub.2, or D-Arg-2,6-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH.sub.2.

Provided is an acid-tolerant yeast cell, a method of producing an organic acid by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing the yeast cell resistant to acid.

Described herein are engineered organelles comprising multi-component proteins from different species incorporated into a membrane structure with interior and exterior aspects. In one embodiment the artificial organelle incorporates one or more protein complexes that absorb optical energy and catalyze electron transfer in biochemical reactions that can be used to reduce NAD.sup.+ to NADH or analogues thereof.