The present invention relates to compositions comprising a polymeric matrix or a gel containing functional enzymes capable of re-creating under culture conditions the cell microenvironment existing in vivo. The present invention also relates to devices for cell cultures comprising such compositions, in particular hydrogel and the use thereof to control the chemical microenvironment of a cell culture or mimic physiological or pathological conditions of the in vivo cells. The compositions and the devices described herein could be also used in vitro for evaluating the therapeutic effect of a compound on a determined cell line or on primary cells.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

A method for measuring the concentration of a compound for analysis in an original sample includes placing a first compound in a first electrochemical transducer, measuring a first concentration by applying a potential in the electrochemical transducer, mixing the first compound with a second compound, placing the modified sample in a second electrochemical transducer, and measuring a second concentration by applying a potential in the electrochemical transducer. The first or the second compound is a part of the original sample. Lastly, an operation is performed between the first and the second concentration to obtain the concentration of the compound for analysis in the original sample.

Shielding enzymes are made by modifying the enzyme surface with silica precursors and then depositing silica to a desired thickness while retaining biological activity of the enzyme.

Shielding enzymes are made by modifying the enzyme surface with silica precursors and then depositing silica to a desired thickness while retaining biological activity of the enzyme.

Compositions for treatment of cystinosis, products for administering eye drops, and products for storing contact lenses are provided. Compositions include solutions that can contain an effective amount of cysteamine to treat cystinosis, and an oil with a lower density than the solution. Also provided is a product including a bottle for containing a solution, the bottle being substantially free of O.sub.2. Also provided is a contact lens holder for storing one or more contact lenses in a solution, the holder including barrier layers reducing the amount of O.sub.2 entering the contact lens holder.

The present disclosure relates to microneedle devices and methods for treating a disease (for example, diabetes) using a degradable cross-linked gel for self-regulated delivery of a therapeutic agent (for example, insulin).

The inventive technology relates to systems and methods for enhanced in vivo production, accumulation and modification of cannabinoids. In one embodiment, the invention may include systems and methods for enhanced in vivo biosynthesis of chemically-modified water-soluble cannabinoids in stably transformed whole plant, or a cell suspension culture system.

The present disclosure relates to methods of modulating level of pathogenic E. coli (EHEC, EPEC, APEC) present in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal by administering saccharide compositions comprising an anhydro moiety. The presence/load with pathogenic E. coli strains can be assessed via the level of LEE and non-LEE pathogenic genes in the microbiome of the host animal.

The present disclosure relates to methods of modulating level of E. coli present in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal. Such modulation includes, for example, modulating the level of LEE and non-LEE pathogenic genes in the microbiome of the host animal. The present disclosure further relates to methods of modulating the virulence of pathogenic E. coli in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal by reducing the population of B. thetaiotaomicron in the gut microbiome of the animal.