Provided herein a re composition and process for using an electrochemical device for the reduction of the oxidized state of phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the reduced state in which unwanted products of the electrochemical reduction are recovered as the oxidized state of the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and returned to the electrochemical device for reduction.

Presented herein are biocatalysts and methods for converting C1-containing materials to organic acids such as muconic acid or adipic acid.

Certain embodiments provide a method for preparing a biochemical product (e.g., phenol, catechol, or muconic acid, or a salt thereof). For example, such methods include contacting a recombinant host having two or more recombinant pathways with a fermentable carbon source and growing the recombinant cell for a time sufficient to synthesize the product. In certain embodiments, each recombinant pathway: 1) is capable of producing the same final biochemical product; 2) comprises at least one gene encoding a polypeptide; 3) is derived from a different endogenous metabolite as its immediate precursor; and 4) converges to the same final product or the same intermediate metabolite.

Presented herein are biocatalysts and methods for converting C1-containing materials to organic acids such as muconic acid or adipic acid.

Conversion of organic educts, in particular biomass feedstock, into useful organic compounds via pyrolysis and bio-catalysts.

In the present invention, HPPD enzymes and plants containing them showing a full tolerance against several classes of HPPD-inhibitors are described.

A set of HPPD enzymes have been designed which have either no or only a significantly reduced affinity to HPPD inhibitors and, at the same time, the rate of dissociation of the HPPD inhibitors of the enzyme is increased to such an extent that the HPPD inhibitors no longer act as slow-binding or slow, tight-binding inhibitors but, instead of this, have become fully reversible inhibitors.

In particular, isolated polynucleotides encoding HPPD inhibitor tolerance polypeptides are provided. Additionally, amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed.

Presented herein are biocatalysts and methods for converting C1-containing materials to organic acids such as muconic acid or adipic acid.

In the present invention, HPPD enzymes and plants containing them showing a full tolerance against several classes of HPPD-inhibitors are described. A set of HPPD enzymes have been designed which have either no or only a significantly reduced affinity to HPPD inhibitors and, at the same time, the rate of dissociation of the HPPD inhibitors of the enzyme is increased to such an extent that the HPPD inhibitors no longer act as slow-binding or slow, tight-binding inhibitors but, instead of this, have become fully reversible inhibitors. In particular, isolated polynucleotides encoding HPPD inhibitor tolerance polypeptides are provided. Additionally, amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed.

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods for converting biomass to various chemical intermediates and final products including fuels. Aspects include the depolymerization of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose to a wide slate of depolymerization compounds that can be subsequently metabolized by genetically modified bacterium, and converted to cis,cis-muconic acid. Other aspects include the use of monometallic catalysts for converting the cis,cis-muconic acid to commodity chemicals and fuels, for example adipic acid and/or nylon.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a microbial cell that includes a genetic modification resulting in the expression of a deficient form of an endogenous dioxygenase, and a gene encoding an exogenous dioxygenase and a promoter sequence, where the endogenous dioxygenase includes PcaH and PcaG, the exogenous dioxygenase includes LigA and LigB, the microbial cell is capable of growth utilizing at least one of a cellulose decomposition molecule or a lignin decomposition molecule, and the microbial cell is capable of producing 2-hydroxy-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylic acid.