A nanoplatform assembly for detection of arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, and/or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The nanoplatform comprises an oligopeptide, which is used as a linker between two particles. More preferably, the linker is comprised of an oligopeptide containing a substrate for the target enzyme, where the substrate is chemically or physically modified by the target enzyme (but not cleaved). A central particle with a plurality of oligopeptide-tethered detectable particles and a plurality of directly attached detectable particles is described. Posttranslational modification of the oligopeptide leads to changes in the detectable signals from the first and/or second particles in the nanoplatform, which can be correlated to enzyme activity and concentration.

The disclosure features lipid nanoparticle (LNP) compositions comprising metabolic reprogramming molecules and membrane anchoring moieties and uses thereof. The LNP compositions of the present disclosure comprise mRNA therapeutics encoding metabolic reprogramming polypeptides, e.g., IDO or TDO and membrane anchoring moieties. The LNP compositions of the present disclosure can reprogram myeloid and/or dendritic cells, suppress T cells and/or induce immune tolerance in vivo.

The invention relates generally to the field of bone diseases. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of osteoporosis and related disorders.

The present invention relates to the field of cancer therapeutics and treatment of cancer. In particular, it relates to a method for treating and/or preventing a natural AHR ligand-dependent cancer comprising administering to a subject suffering from said cancer a therapeutically effective amount of an AHR inhibitor. Moreover, contemplated is a AHR inhibitor for use in treating and/or preventing a natural AHR ligand-dependent cancer.