Described herein are compounds and methods for tethering proteins. For example, dimers of proteins, including SOD1 and DJ-1, are described, where the dimers are formed by the covalent bonding of a cysteine on the first monomer to a cysteine on the second monomer via a cyclic disulfide linker. The covalently attached dimers exhibit increased stabilization.

A method of oral delivery of phospholipid/inulin compositions comprising capsules, tablets, chewable wafers or powdered material in a liquid carrier in quantities effective for treating pain from overactive neurons. The phospholipid/inulin compositions were also shown to be effective in reducing depression and intestinal malfunctions including, but not limited to, diarrhea and constipation, and improving sleep pattern. The compositions further including effective amounts of caffeine also reduces fatigue and enhances alertness and focus.

Compositions and methods for the treatment of skin disorders or disease are provided.

Aspects of the present disclosure are drawn to methods of improving the expression of secreted cuproenzymes from host cells by manipulating the expression level of one or more proteins involved in copper transport in the host cell, e.g., membrane-bound copper transporting ATPases and soluble copper transporters. The present disclosure also provides compositions containing such improved host cells as well as products derived from the improved host cells that contain one or more cuproenzymes of interest.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for alleviating a symptom in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising administering an efficacious therapeutic that is efficacious to the patient, the efficacious therapeutic, when administered to the patient, resulting in a level of a neurofilament protein in a biological sample of the patient that is lower than a level of neurofilament protein in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis not administered the therapeutic. In some embodiments, the patient is currently being administered with or has formerly been administered with either a non-efficacious therapeutic or a therapeutic that is different than the efficacious therapeutic.

Provided are novel human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, also known as superoxide dismutase 1 or SOD1, specific antibodies as well as fragments, derivatives and variants thereof as well as methods related thereto. Assays, kits, and solid supports related to antibodies specific for SOD1 are also disclosed. The antibody, immunoglobulin chain(s), as well as binding fragments, derivatives and variants thereof can be used in pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions for SOD1 targeted immunotherapy and diagnosis, respectively.

Provided are modified virus-like particles (VLPs) of paramyxoviruses, compositions containing them, methods of using the VLPs for delivery of any particular protein of interest to any of a variety of cells, kits that contain expression vectors for making, using and detecting VLPs, and methods for screening for anti-viral compounds using the VLPs. The modified VLPs contain a contiguous recombinant polypeptide that contains i) all or a segment of a C-terminal domain of a paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein and ii) a polypeptide sequence of a distinct protein. Non-covalent complexes of paramyxovirus M protein and fusion proteins that contain a C-terminal domain of a paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein and a polypeptide sequence of a distinct protein are provided, as are non-covalent complexes of cells, and cell receptors, with modified VLPs.

Composition, preferably, in the form of capsules or chewable wafers in quantities suitable for relieving the symptoms of fibromyalgia comprise formulations of phospholipids, specifically identified concentrations of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, glycolipids and phosphatidylserine along with inulin and other desirable active ingredients are described.

Compositions and methods of using same for tissue regeneration are provided. Accordingly, there is provided a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid, a laminin polypeptide, an antioxidant and Copolymer 1 at a concentration range of 10-150 microgram/ml. Also provided is a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid, a laminin polypeptide and vitamin E at a concentration range of 0.3-30 mM. Also provided are matrices and hydrogels of the compositions and methods of using same.

Deferred treatment of nerve injuries is provided. Accordingly, there is provided a method of deferred treatment of a nerve injury in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising implanting at least 1 week following onset or diagnosis of the nerve injury in the subject a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid, a laminin polypeptide and an antioxidant at or near the nerve injury of the subject.