The invention relates to a genetically engineered bacterium having an enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA, an enzyme that converts acetoacetyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and an enzyme that converts 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyrate. The bacterium may also have enzymes to produce other downstream products, such as 3-hydroxybutyryaldehyde, and 1,3-butanediol. Typically, the bacterium is capable of producing these products from a gaseous substrate, such as syngas or an industrial waste gas.

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol (MEG), or optionally MEG and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. The present application also relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of glycolic acid (GA), or optionally GA and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of xylitol, or optionally xylitol and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. Also provided are methods of producing MEG (or GA or xylitol), or optionally MEG (or GA or xylitol) and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or the products MEG (or GA or xylitol), or optionally MEG (or GA or xylitol) and one or more co-product.

A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

A process for the production of ethanol. comprising: fermentation of a feed. under anaerobic conditions. wherein the feed contains a di-saccharide. oligo-saccharide and/or poly-saccharide and wherein the fermentation is carried out in the presence of a recombinant yeast cell. which recombinant yeast produces a combination of proteins having glucosidase activity: and recovery of ethanol. and a recombinant yeast cell for use therein.

Various aspects and embodiments herein relate to recombinant proteins with at least one protease recognition sequence that can be inactivated by a cognate protease and methods of preparing such proteins. In some embodiments, recombinant phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) proteins are provided. In other embodiments, recombinant phosphotransacetylase (Pta) proteins are provided. In yet other embodiments, recombinant transketolase A (TktA) proteins are provided.

The invention relates to a genetically engineered bacterium comprising an energy-generating fermentation pathway and methods related thereto. In particular, the invention provides a bacterium comprising a phosphate butyryltransferase (Ptb) and a butyrate kinase (Buk) (Ptb-Buk) that act on non-native substrates to produce a wide variety of products and intermediates. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the introduction of Ptb-Buk into a C1-fixing microoorgansim capable of producing products from a gaseous substrate.

The invention provides for methods for the production of mevalonate, isoprene, isoprenoid precursor molecules, and/or isoprenoids in cells via the heterologous expression of phosphoketolase enzymes.

Described is a method for the production of D-erythrose and acetyl phosphate comprising the enzymatic conversion of D-fructose into D-erythrose and acetyl phosphate by making use of a phosphoketolase. The produced D-erythrose can further be converted into glycolaldehyde by a method for the production of glycolaldehyde comprising the enzymatic conversion of D-erythrose into glycolaldehyde by making use of an aldolase, wherein said aldolase is a 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4) or a fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13). The produced glycolaldehyde can finally be converted into acetyl phosphate by the enzymatic conversion of the thus produced glycolaldehyde into acetyl phosphate by making use of a phosphoketolase or a sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase.

Various aspects and embodiments herein relate to recombinant proteins with at least one protease recognition sequence that can be inactivated by a cognate protease and methods of preparing such proteins. In some embodiments, recombinant phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) proteins are provided. In other embodiments, recombinant phosphotransacetylase (Pta) proteins are provided. In yet other embodiments, recombinant transketolase A (TktA) proteins are provided.

A genetic engineered bacteria without or comprising a plurality of important metabolic enzyme related genes is provided. When the by-product or waste of fruit and vegetable is used as the culture medium, a large quantity of succinic acid or lactic acid can be produced via fermentation. A method of producing succinic acid and lactic acid using the genetic engineered bacteria is also provided.