Provided herein are methods for increasing the yield of an extracellular product synthesized by an organism cultured in a continuous aerobic fermentation system. The extracellular product yield is increased through the use of an organism modified to decreased production of polyhydroxyalkanoate, to increase production of the extracellular product, and to include promoters that can be inducible in response to nutrient limitation conditions. The extracellular product yield is also increased by operating the continuous fermentation system under particular nutrient limitation conditions. Also provided are non-naturally occurring organisms that have been modified for use with the provided methods, and extracellular products made using the provided methods.

Provided herein are methods for generating cellular biomass in continuous aerobic fermentation systems. The biomass yield, and the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoate within the biomass, are each directed to advantageous levels by operating the continuous fermentation system under particular nutrient limitation conditions. Also provided are biomass produced using the provided methods, and animal feed compositions including the provided biomass.

The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a microbial organism having at least one exogenous gene insertion and/or one or more gene disruptions that confer production of primary alcohols. A method for producing long chain alcohols includes culturing these non-naturally occurring microbial organisms.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 1,3-butanediol using a polypetide having -ketothiolase activity to form a 3-oxo-5-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA intermediate that can be enzymatically converted to 1,3-butanediol, as well as recombinant hosts producing 1,3-butanediol.

The invention features compositions and methods for the increased production of mevalonate, isoprene, isoprenoid precursor molecules, and/or isoprenoids in microorganisms via the heterologous expression of the mvaE and mvaS genes from the organisms Listeria grayi DSM 20601, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum EG2, and Enterococcus casseliflavus.

This document describes biochemical pathways that include the production of 3-oxopent-4-enoyl-CoA by condensation of acryloyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA using a -ketothiolase with a SER-HIS-HIS catalytic triad. These pathways described herein rely on enzymes such as, inter alia, dehydrogenases, dehydratases and -ketothiolases.

Disclosed are nucleic acid sequences comprising a cardiomyocyte-specific, cardiac stress-induced promoter operably linked to a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and/or a gene of interest. Disclosed are vectors comprising one or more of the disclosed nucleic acids. Disclosed are methods of using the disclosed nucleic acid sequences or vectors for treating a subject in need thereof. Disclosed are methods of treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a vector to the subject, wherein the vector comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising a cardiomyocyte-specific, cardiac stress-induced promoter operably linked to a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and/or a gene that encodes a PH therapeutic, wherein the PH therapeutic is expressed in cardiomyocytes undergoing cardiac stress.

The invention features compositions and methods for the increased production of mevalonate, isoprene, isoprenoid precursor molecules, and/or isoprenoids in microorganisms by engineering a microorganism for increased carbon flux towards mevalonate production in the following enzymatic pathways: (a) citrate synthase, (b) phosphotransacetylase, (c) acetate kinase, (d) lactate dehydrogenase, (e) malic enzyme, and (f) pyruvate dehydrogenase such that one of more of the enzyme activity is modulated. In addition, production of mevalonate, isoprene, isoprenoid precursor molecules, and/or isoprenoids can be further enhanced by the heterologous expression of the mvaE and mvaS genes (such as, but not limited to, mvaE and mvaS genes from the organisms Listeria grayi DSM 20601, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum EG2, and Enterococcus casseliflavus).

This document describes biochemical pathways that include the production of 3-oxopent-4-enoyl-CoA by condensation of acryloyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA using a -ketothiolase with a SER-HIS-HIS catalytic triad. These pathways described herein rely on enzymes such as, inter alia, dehydrogenases, dehydratases and -ketothiolases.

Methods for biosynthesising hydrocarbons from a gaseous substrate in non-naturally occurring acetogens as well as non-naturally occurring acetogens for production of hydrocarbons are provided.