The present invention discloses an engineering yeast strain for producing nervonic acids. The yeast strain over-expresses the genes related to enzymes required in a synthetic process of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, such as fatty acid elongase, desaturase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the like, and optionally, further adjusts and controls the synthesis and decomposition route of triglyceride, the synthesis and decomposition route of sphingomyelin, and the synthesis and decomposition route and the oxidation-reduction balanced route of lipid subcell levels. The recombinant yeast strain can produce microorganism oil; and the content of the prepared nervonic acids accounts for 39.6% of the total fatty acids.

Provided are compositions comprising polynucleotides encoding modified diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) polypeptides having improved properties, such as increased enzymatic activity and/or increased stability. Plants, plant cells, seed, grain and comprising the polynucleotides are provided which have one or more of increased fatty acid or protein content. Methods of generating the polynucleotides in plant cells include transformation and genetic modification. Methods of employing the polynucleotides in plants, methods for increasing DGAT1 activity in a plant, and methods for increasing fatty acid content or protein content in a plant are provided.

The present invention is related to a novel enzymatic process for production of retinyl esters, such as in particular retinyl long chain esters, via conversion of retinol, which process includes the use of enzymes having acyltransferase activity. Said process might be used for biotechnological production of vitamin A.

Disclosed are nucleotide sequences and corresponding amino acid sequences of Arxula adeninivorans genes that can be utilized to manipulate the lipid content and/or composition of a cell. Methods and compositions for utilizing this information are disclosed to increase the lipid content or modify the lipid composition of a cell by either increasing or decreasing the activity of certain genetic targets.

The present invention is related to a novel enzymatic process for production of retinoids via a multi-step process, which process includes the use of heterologous enzymes having activity in a carotene-producing host cell, particularly wherein such process results in high percentage of retinoids, in trans-isoform.

The present invention provides for a genetically modified yeast cell comprising at least six or more of the following modifications: increased expression of Mus musculus fatty acid reductase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase 1, fatty acid synthase 2, a mutant of the bottleneck enzyme encoded by ACC1 insensitive to post-transcriptional and post-translational repression, and/or a desaturase encoded by OLE1, and reduced expression of DGA1, HFD1, ADH6, and/or GDH1. The present invention provides a method for constructing the genetically modified yeast cell, and a method for producing a fatty alcohol from the genetically modified yeast cell.

The present disclosure relates to the production of cannabinoids in yeast. In as aspect there is provided a genetically modified yeast comprising: one or more GPP producing genes and optionally, one or more GPP pathway genes; two or more olivetolic acid producing genes; one or more cannabinoid precursor or cannabinoid producing genes; one or more Hexanoyl-CoA producing genes, and at least 5% dry weight of fatty acids or fats.

Transgenic oilseeds having increased total fatty acid content of at least 10% and altered fatty acid profiles when compared to the total fatty acid content of null segregant oilseeds are described. Novel DGAT genes are used to achieve the increase in seed storage lipids.

Disclosed are methods and compositions for increasing the triacylglycerol content of a cell by up-regulating diacylglycerol acyltransferase and down-regulating triacylglycerol lipase. In some embodiments, a DGA1 protein is expressed and a native TGL3 gene is knocked out, thereby increasing the synthesis of triacylglycerol and decreasing its consumption, respectively.

Disclosed are transformed cells comprising one or more genetic modifications that affect the lipid content of the cell, e.g., by increasing the concentration of oleic acid in the cell relative to an unmodified cell of the same type. Also disclosed are methods for modifying the lipid content of a cell by increasing the activity of one or more proteins in the cell and/or by decreasing the activity of one or more proteins in the same cell.