Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as1-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, ?-Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, ?-Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear ?-alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 ?-hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 ?-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

The present invention relates to a putrescine-producing microorganism and a method for producing putrescine using the same. To be more specific, the present invention is directed to a microorganism given the ability to produce putrescine which is generated by blocking a biosynthetic pathway from ornithine to arginine, increasing the intracellular level of glutamate, enhancing the biosynthetic pathway of ornithine from glutamate, and introducing extracellular ornithine decarboxylase; and a method for producing putrescine by using the microorganism.

Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as 1-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, -Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, -Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear -alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 -hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism capable of producing putrescine, in which the microorganism is modified to have enhanced NCgl2522 activity, thereby producing putrescine in a high yield, and a method for producing putrescine using the microorganism.

Provided herein, among other things, is an engineered non-plant cell that produces a tropane alkaloid product, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product. A method for producing a tropane alkaloid, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product that makes use of the cell is also described.