This document relates to using bidirectional, multi-enzymatic scaffolds to biosynthesize cannabinoids in recombinant hosts.

A vaccine is disclosed which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and Gramnegative bacteria, genetically modified to express: at least one disease-associated antigen, linked to a signal sequence belonging to a type II secretion system; and the at least one disease-associated antigen linked to a signal sequence belonging to a type III secretion system. Uses thereof are also disclosed.