This disclosure provides methods for bisulfite-free identification in a nucleic acid sequence of the locations of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-carboxylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine.

Reactions comprising water, sucrose, and one or more glucosyltransferase enzymes are disclosed herein. Glucosyltransferase enzymes used in these reactions comprise certain motifs allowing production of insoluble poly alpha-1,3-glucan having at least 95% alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages.

Glucosyltransferase enzymes are disclosed herein that produce branched alpha-glucan polymer. Also disclosed, for example, are polynucleotides encoding these enzymes, as well as methods of producing branched alpha-glucan polymer.