Provided herein, in some embodiments, are systems, methods, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for enzymatically converting a polymeric glucose carbohydrate (e.g., starch) to sugar.

A method for preparing glucosamine includes the steps of converting fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and an ammonium salt to glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) under the catalysis of glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.6, GlmD); and producing glucosamine (GlcN) by the dephosphorylation of GlcN6P under the catalysis of an enzyme capable of catalyzing the dephosphorylation. Such a method can be used to prepare glucosamine by in vitro enzymatic biosystem.

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are systems, methods, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for enzymatically converting a polymeric glucose carbohydrate (e.g., starch) to sugar.

A method by which a cellooligosaccharide can be produced inexpensively at high percentage yield is provided. In the method for producing a cellooligosaccharide according to an embodiment, at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and derivatives in which anomeric positions of glucose and cellobiose are modified and sucrose are subjected to, in the presence of phosphoric acid, actions of sucrose phosphorylase and cellodextrin phosphorylase. In this case, in the reaction system, the concentration of phosphoric acid is set to 3 mol/m.sup.3 or more and 120 mol/m.sup.3 or less.

An inositol preparation method by enzymatic catalysis uses starch and cellulose or substrates thereof as substrates. Raw materials are converted to inositol by in vitro multi-enzyme reaction system in one pot. The yield from the substrate to inositol is significantly improved by process optimization and adding new enzymes. The new enzymes can promote the phosphorolysis of starch or cellulose and utilization of glucose, which is the final production after the phosphorolysis of starch and cellulose. The inositol preparation method described herein has great potentials in industrial production of inositol because of high inositol yield, easy scale-up, low production cost, and lower impact to environment

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are systems, methods, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for enzymatically converting a polymeric glucose carbohydrate (e.g., starch) to sugar.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a stable hydrogel-cell composition comprising the steps of: a) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one polymerizable substrate and at least one enzyme capable of polymerizing said at least one substrate, and cells, and b) incubating the mixture of step a) to form a stable hydrogel-cell composition.

A method by which a cellooligosaccharide can be produced inexpensively at high percentage yield is provided. In the method for producing a cellooligosaccharide according to an embodiment, at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and derivatives in which anomeric positions of glucose and cellobiose are modified and sucrose are subjected to, in the presence of phosphoric acid, actions of sucrose phosphorylase and cellodextrin phosphorylase. In this case, in the reaction system, the concentration of phosphoric acid is set to 3 mol/m.sup.3 or more and 120 mol/m.sup.3 or less.