The invention relates to a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that consists essentially of: a) a component A which is 3-FL or DFL, a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2-FL, a component C, which is LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or DFL when component B is 2-FL, and a component D, which is lactose when component A is 3-FL, or 2-FL when component A is DFL, with the proviso that if component B is 2-FL, then component A is 3-FL;
or consists essentially of: b) 3-FL, a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I, and a component F, which is LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I,
and to processes for producing them and their uses.

Mutated fucosidases are provided demonstrating improved properties in terms of thermal stability and transfucosidase synthetic performance compared with a wild type transfucosidase isolated from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis.

Disclosed are methods, compositions of matter, and kits useful for augmentation of cells through modification of cellular membrane properties following ex vivo treatment.

The application discloses a method for producing an oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, said method comprising a step of: culturing, in a culture medium containing a fucosylated, sialylated or N-acetyl-glucosaminylated lactose trisaccharide as acceptor, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes an enzyme capable of modifying said acceptor or one of the necessary intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, from said acceptor.

A method for synthesizing a protein of interest with a modified N-glycosylation profile within a plant, a portion of a plant, or a plant cell is provided. The method comprises co-expressing within a plant a nucleotide sequence encoding a first nucleotide sequence encoding a GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase (RMD) the first nucleotide sequence operatively linked with a first regulatory region that is active in the plant, and a second nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of interest, the second nucleotide sequence operatively linked with a second regulatory region that is active in the plant. The first and second nucleotide sequences are co-expressed to synthesize a protein of interest comprising glycans with the modified N-glycosylation profile within the plant, the portion of the plant, or the plant cell.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods, bacteria, nucleic acids, and polypeptides for producing sialylated oligosaccharides.

The present invention provides an -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant having an increased expression level of soluble protein and increased activity, a DNA encoding the -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant, a recombinant vector comprising the DNA encoding the -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant, a host cell transformed with the recombinant DNA vector, an extract of the host cell, a method for producing 3-fucosyloligosaccharide, a method for preparing an -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant, and a method for screening an -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant. The -1,3 fucosyltransferase mutant of the present invention has a significantly increased soluble protein expression level and activity.

The invention relates to a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that consists essentially of: a) a component A which is 3-FL or DFL, a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2-FL, a component C, which is LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or DFL when component B is 2-FL, and a component D, which is lactose when component A is 3-FL, or 2-FL when component A is DFL, with the proviso that if component B is 2-FL, then component A is 3-FL;
or consists essentially of: b) 3-FL, a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I, and a component F, which is LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I,
and to processes for producing them and their uses.

The present invention relates to a method for producing fucosylated oligosaccharides by using a recombinant prokaryotic host cell that is cultivated on a gluconeogenic substrate, as well as to the host cell and its use. The host cell is genetically modified in that the activity of a fructose-6-phosphate converting enzyme is abolished or lowered, and the transport of the produced fucosylated oligosaccharide through the cell membrane is facilitated by an exogenous transport protein.

Disclosed are immunization antigens that have been glyco-engineered to include non-native glycosylation patterns with a view to enhance their properties as antigens for use in such areas as vaccination and antibody production. Also disclosed are to means and methods for producing the glycomodified antigens as well of methods and uses of the glycomodified antigens.