Glycoproteins having particular sialylation patterns, and methods of making and using such glycoproteins, are described.

Methods for making modified Fc regions of antibodies and antibody fragments, both human and humanized, and having enhanced stability and efficacy, are provided. Antibodies comprising Fc regions with core fucose residues removed, and attached to oligosaccharides comprising terminal sialyl residues, are provided. Antibodies comprising homogeneous glycosylation of Fc regions with specific oligosaccharides are provided. Fc regions conjugated with homogeneous glycoforms of monosaccharides and trisaccharides, are provided. Methods of preparing human antibodies with modified Fc using glycan engineering, are provided.

It is intended to develop and provide a technique of conveniently allowing a transgenic silkworm by itself and at an individual level to produce a recombinant protein having a mammalian-type sugar chain sialic acid attached thereto, without the need of a baculovirus expression system or oral and transdermal administration of sialic acid. An expression vector was developed which can induce the expression of a mammalian-type glycosylation-related gene group only in a silk gland such that the recombinant protein modified with the mammalian-type sugar chain has no adverse effect on the silkworm itself. A transgenic silkworm harboring the expression vector was prepared.

Glycoproteins having particular sialylation patterns, and methods of making and using such glycoproteins, are described.

Glycoproteins having particular sialylation patterns, and methods of making and using such glycoproteins, are described.

This disclosure is in the technical field of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. More particularly, this disclosure is in the technical field of fermentation of metabolically engineered yeast or fungal cells. This disclosure describes a method for the extracellular production of a di- or oligosaccharide that is derived from UDP-GlcNAc by a yeast or fungal cell as well as the separation of the di- or oligosaccharide from the cultivation. Furthermore, this disclosure provides a metabolically engineered yeast or fungal cell for extracellular production of a di- or oligosaccharide that is derived from UDP-GlcNAc and that is synthesized in the cytosol.