This invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the expression of target genes using RNA interference. RNAi structures and molecules of this invention can be used for modulating or silencing the expression of genes, with high levels of RNAi activity and reduced off target actions. Advantageous structures include siRNAs targeted to any gene having one or more 2′-deoxy nucleotides located in the seed region. The RNA interference molecules can be used in methods for preventing or treating diseases.

The invention in suitable embodiments is directed to dynamic bio-nanoparticle elements and bio-nanoparticle platforms employing such bio-nanoparticle elements. In one aspect, one or more elements of one or more types, formed from isolated, synthetic and or recombinant amino acid residues comprising in whole or in part one or more types of Clathrin and or Coatomer I/II proteins of one or more isoforms, execute one or more functions and or effect one or more ends, in vivo and or in vitro.

The invention is intended to identify glutathione-S-transferase that exhibits the activities to metabolize and detoxify an isoxazoline derivative, such as pyroxasulfone. The invention provides a method for cultivating a transgenic plant into which a nucleic acid encoding a protein (a or b) below has been introduced in the presence of isoxazoline derivatives: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; or (b) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 80% or higher identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and having the activity of glutathione-S-transferase.

The disclosure relates to a method for the generation of plants, such as Euphorbia pulcherrima, having a dysfunctional glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the seeds, plant parts or plant cells derived therefrom. The disclosure further relates to a molecular marker capable of identifying a dysfunctional GST gene, to isolated DNA encoding such a dysfunctional GST gene and to the use of such DNA for the preparation of a molecular marker and for use in methods of targeted mutagenesis to inactivate the GST gene to generate plants with a white foliage phenotype.

This invention provides methods and compositions for preventing, treating or ameliorating one or more symptoms of a malignant tumor, which may be associated with KRAS mutation in a mammal in need thereof, by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising one or more RNAi molecules that are active in reducing expression of GST-π.

The disclosure relates to a method for the generation of plants, such as Euphorbia pulcherrima, having a dysfunctional glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the seeds, plant parts or plant cells derived therefrom. The disclosure further relates to a molecular marker capable of identifying a dysfunctional GST gene, to isolated DNA encoding such a dysfunctional GST gene and to the use of such DNA for the preparation of a molecular marker and for use in methods of targeted mutagenesis to inactivate the GST gene to generate plants with a white foliage phenotype.

A method for providing a sub-population of stem cell or plurality of stem cells by determining or modulating GSTT1 expression level or genotype is disclosed together with uses of the stem cells.

Described herein are methods and compositions for the use of treating damage induced by SD. Aspects of the invention relate to administering to a subject in need thereof an agent that reduces reactive oxygen species. In some embodiments, administration of an agent that reduces reactive oxygen species repairs SD-induced damage in the gut.

Enzymes for depolymerizing lignin. The enzymes include dehydrogenases, β-etherases, and glutathione lyases. The dehydrogenases can comprise one or more or LigD, LigO, LigN, and LigL. The β-etherases can comprise one or more of LigE, LigF, LigP, and BaeA. The glutathione lyases can comprise any one or more of LigG and a number of non-stereospecific, optionally recombinant glutathione lyases derived from Sphingobium sp. SYK-6, Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sanguinis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and other microorganisms. The enzymes can be combined in compositions and/or used in methods of processing lignin or other aromatic compounds in vitro.

This invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the expression of target genes using RNA interference. RNAi structures and molecules of this invention can be used for modulating or silencing the expression of genes, with high levels of RNAi activity and reduced off target actions. Advantageous structures include siRNAs targeted to any gene having one or more 2′-deoxy nucleotides located in the seed region. The RNA interference molecules can be used in methods for preventing or treating diseases.