The invention relates to yeast cells modified to express a functional type I RuBisCO enzyme, and a class II phosphoribulokinase. The expression of these enzymes recreates a Calvin cycle in said yeasts in order to enable the yeasts to use carbon dioxide.

A recombinant yeast cell comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein, which protein comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01 or an amino acid sequence which has at least 90% sequence identity, preferably at least 95%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01.

A recombinant yeast cell functionally expressing: a) a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having ribulose-1,5-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity (EC4.1.1.39; Rubisco), a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having phosphoribulokinase activity (EC2.7.1.19; PRK) and optionally one or more nucleic acid sequences encoding for molecular chaperones for the protein having ribulose-1,5-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity; and b) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having transketolase activity (EC 2.2.1.1), wherein the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein having transketolase activity is under control of a promoter (the TKL promoter), which TKL promoter has an anaerobic/aerobic expression ratio for the transketolase of 2 or more.

A recombinant yeast cell functionally expressing: a nucleic acid sequence encoding a native protein having transketolase activity (EC 2.2.1.1); and a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heterologous protein having transketolase activity (EC 2.2.1.1).

The invention relates to a recombinant yeast cell, in particular a transgenic yeast cell, functionally expressing one or more recombinant, in particular heterologous, nucleic acid sequences encoding ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoribulokinase (PRK). The invention further relates to the use of carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor in a recombinant chemotrophic micro-organism, in particular a eukaryotic micro-organism.

A recombinant yeast cell that functionally expresses: a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having glycerol dehydrogenase activity; a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having dihydroxyacetone kinase activity; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein having glycerol transporter activity, wherein the expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein having glycerol transporter activity is under control of a promoter (the GT promoter), which GT promoter has an anaerobic/aerobic expression ratio for the glycerol transporter of 2 or more, and a process for the production of ethanol using such recombinant yeast cell.