Provided is a method for detecting the presence of bacterial spores by measuring adenosine diphosphate (ATP) production over time. Spores are detected by converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP.

The disclosure discloses a genetically engineered strain for sarcosine production as well as a construction method and application. The genetically engineered strain is obtained by using Escherichia coli as a host and by integrating a single copy of imine reductase gene dpkA on its genome; singly copying citrate synthase gene gltA; knocking out glyoxylate cycle inhibitor gene iclR; knocking out malate synthase gene aceB; integrating a single copy of isocitrate lyase gene aceA; integrating a single copy of membrane-bound transhydrogenase gene pntAB; knocking out 2-ketate reductase gene ycdW; integrating a single copy of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene ppc; and knocking out pyruvate kinase gene pykF. After system metabolism transformation, the engineered strain can synthesize sarcosine with glucose and methylamine as main raw materials. The sarcosine titer can reach 10 g/L after fermentation for 30 h in a 5 L fermenter.

The present disclosure provides polynucleotide cassettes, expression vectors and methods for the expression of a gene in mammalian cells to provide gene therapy for pyruvate kinase deficiency.

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are methods and composition for the production of nucleoside triphosphates and ribonucleic acids.

The invention is directed to a non-naturally occurring microbial organism comprising a first attenuation of a succinyl-CoA synthetase or transferase and at least a second attenuation of a succinyl-CoA converting enzyme or a gene encoding a succinate producing enzyme within a multi-step pathway having a net conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate.

Provided are methods for isolating potent extracellular vesicle or exosome populations from mesenchymal stromal cells, and the use of the isolated extracellular vesicles or exosomes in treating vasculopathy, including pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and disease and conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Provided is a method for detecting the presence of bacterial spores by measuring adenosine diphosphate (ATP) production over time. Spores are detected by converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP.

Disclosed is an in vitro method for assessing or predicting the response of a human patient to treatment of periodontal disease. The method is based on the insight to determine biomarker proteins. Accordingly, in a sample of saliva of a patient, the concentrations are measured of certain protein combinations. One such combination is Hemoglobin subunit delta (Hb-delta) and Pyruvate kinase (PK). Another such combination is Keratin-4 (K-4) and at least two of Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AGP), Pyruvate Kinase (PK) and Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). A third combination is Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AGP), Pyruvate Kinase (PK) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8). Based on the concentrations as measured, at least one value is determined reflecting the joint concentrations for said proteins. This at least one value may indicate the probability that human patient has been or will be successfully treated for the periodontitis. The at least one value can be compared with at least one threshold value reflecting in the same manner the joint concentrations associated with successful treatment of periodontitis. The comparison allows assessing whether the testing value is indicative of the periodontal treatment status in said patient.

The present disclosure features compositions and methods of treating a cancer in a subject by administering to the subject a Skp2 inhibitor and an inhibitor of glycolytic metabolism (e.g., PKM2 inhibitor).

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are methods and composition for the production of nucleoside triphosphates and ribonucleic acids.