The present invention relates to methods for water treatment. in particular using a novel Thauera species that is capable of removing nitrogen via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The novel Thauera species may be further capable of phosphate accumulation in the cells. The invention also relates to an isolated Thauera sp. strain SND5 (accession number: CGMCC 21549). The invention further relates to reactors for use in carrying out the methods as described herein and bioprocesses that are carried out using said reactor.

Provided is a method for producing circular DNA in which a region that is sandwiched by a region Ha and a region Hb in circular double-stranded DNA is substituted with the entirety or a portion of a linear-DNA fragment, wherein the region Hb is located downstream of the region Ha in the circular double-stranded DNA; the linear-DNA fragment is single-stranded or double-stranded linear DNA that has a homologous region that corresponds to the region Ha and a homologous region that corresponds to the region Hb, the latter homologous region being positioned downstream of the former homologous region; and the method comprising: preparing a reaction solution that contains the circular double-stranded DNA, the linear-DNA fragment, and a protein that has RecA-family-recombinase activity, and performing homologous recombination reaction by incubating the reaction solution for a predetermined period of time, thereby producing circular DNA in which the region that is from the region Ha to the region Hb in the circular double-stranded DNA is substituted with the region that is from the homologous region that corresponds to the region Ha to the homologous region that corresponds to the region Hb in the linear-DNA fragment.

The invention relates to an in vitro cell-free expression system incorporating a novel inorganic polyphosphate-based energy regeneration system. In certain embodiments, the invention includes a cell-free expression system where the cellular energy source, ATP, is regenerated from inorganic polyphosphate using a dual enzyme system. In this embodiment, this dual enzyme system may include thermostable Adenosyl Kinase, and/or Polyphosphate Kinase enzymes.

The disclosure discloses a strain and method for producing rosmarinic acid, and belongs to the technical field of bioengineering. The disclosure constructs a recombinant cell or a combination of recombinant cells expressing 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, rosmarinic acid synthase, polyphosphate kinase 2-I (PPK2-I) and polyphosphate kinase 2-II (PPK2-II), and utilizes the recombinant cell or the combination of recombinant cells to catalyze Danshensu and caffeic acid for synthesizing rosmarinic acid. The disclosure has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention includes novel systems, methods, and compositions for the enzymatic/chemical production of pseudouridine () and its variants, such as N1-methyl-pseudouridine-5-triphosphate (m1TP).

The invention is related to materials and methods for production of carminic acid from substrates. The invention provides methods and materials for cell-free bioproduction of carminic acid.

The present invention includes novel systems, methods, and compositions for the enzymatic/chemical production of pseudouridine () and its variants, such as N1-methyl-pseudouridine-5-triphosphate (m1TP).

The present invention discloses a production method of enzymatic reaction using adenosine instead of ATP. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding ATP regeneration enzyme, AK enzyme and adenosine in proportion to carry out an enzymatic reaction in an enzymatic reaction system; (2) separating the ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by either directly separating ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme immobilized in a reaction tank, or separating free ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by an ultrafiltration membrane in a filter; and (3) separating and purifying the filtrate of step (2) to obtain a product. The disclosed method provides: greatly reduced industrial production costs; faster reaction rate; stable enzyme recovery system that is energy efficient and environmentally friendly; and capability of reusing the byproducts or collecting them for the production of ATP.

Polyphosphate kinases (PPKs) for efficient regeneration of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and use thereof are provided, belonging to the field of biotechnology. The PPKs expressed and obtained in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) can efficiently regenerate the GTP using tripolyphosphate (tripolyP), tetrapolyP, and hexametaphosphate as phosphate donors. Use of the PPKs in regeneration of GTP as well as synthesis of guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-L-fucose or GDP-mannose and a derivative thereof (such as fucosyllactose) significantly improves synthesis sustainability and reduces a synthesis cost.

The present invention generally relates to the biotechnology engineering, and specifically to genetically modified methylotrophic bacteria which produce lactate. More specifically, the present invention provides a methylotrophic bacterium modified to have an increased expression of a polypeptide having lactate dehydrogenase activity. The present invention further provides a method for producing lactate using a genetically modified bacterium of the present invention.