A method of producing hyaluronic acid (HA) in Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium through episomal plasmid vectors wherein the gene is under the control of strong promoter T7, preferably under the control of strong promoter T7 of bacteriophage T7, and a system for the selection of stable bacterial strains producing high levels of hyaluronic acid, are provided.

Testosteronan, a heparosan analog having the structure [-4-D-GlcUA-1,4-D-GlcNAc-1-].sub.n, is produced by testosteronan synthase, a single protein that is a dual-action catalyst that utilizes UDP-GlcUA and UDP-GlcNAc to synthesize a polysaccharide having the structure [-4-D-GlcUA-1,4-D-GlcNAc-1-].sub.n.

Provided is a recombinant polynucleotide including a promoter region derived from an acetic acid-producing bacterium and a polynucleotide sequence encoding a target protein operably linked to the promoter, a host cell including the same, and a method of expressing a target gene or protein using the host cell.

The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology engineering. It provides a method of constructing a recombinant Bacillus subtilis that can produce specific-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids. By integranted expression of hasA from Streptococcus zooepidemicus and overexpression of genes of HA synthetic pathway, tuaD, glmU and glmS, high yield HA production was achieved in the recombinant strain. Additionally, introduction and functional expression of the leech hyaluronidase in the recombinant strain substantially increased the yield of HA to 19.38 g.Math.L.sup.1. Moreover, HAs with a broad range of molecular weights (10.sup.3 Da to 10.sup.6 MDa) were efficiently produced by controlling the expression level of hyaluronidase using RBS mutants with different translational strengths. The method of the present invention can be used to produce low molecular weight HAs at large scale in industrial applications.

A method for producing glucose and derivatives thereof by means of biotransformation with a recombinant yeast, which belongs to the technical field of synthetic biology. A construction method comprises any one of the following steps: i, knocking out metabolic pathway-related enzymes of glucose and derivatives thereof in a yeast strain; ii, enhancing or using an activity of synthetic pathway-related enzymes of glucose and derivatives thereof in the yeast strain; and iii, enhancing or using a capability of glucose and derivatives thereof in the yeast strain to enter and exit the yeast. Further provided are a recombinant yeast strain capable of producing glucose or derivatives thereof at a high yield and the use thereof in the conversion of a non-grain low-carbon carbon source. The low-carbon non-grain carbon source synthesized by means of using photoelectrocatalysis or traditional chemical industry is used as a substrate, and rapid preparation of food product raw materials glucose and derivatives thereof from the non-grain carbon source is realized by means of recombinant yeast cells.

The invention is related to materials and methods for production of carminic acid from substrates. The invention provides methods and materials for cell-free bioproduction of carminic acid.

Disclosed are genetically engineered microbial cells for the production of oligosaccharides comprising a galactose-1,4-glucose moiety at their reducing end, wherein said microbial cells are able to produce said oligosaccharides in the absence of exogenously added lactose, and a method of producing said oligosaccharides using said microbial cells.

The present invention relates to Actinomycetales strains for the improved formation of acarbose. Provided are Actinomycetales strains which are engineered to overexpress dTDP-D-glucose-4,6-dehydratase (AcbB) and/or uridyltransferase (GtaB). Also provided are Actinomycetales strains which are engineered to have a reduced or absent expression of the small carbohydrate binding protein (Cgt) and/or a reduced or absent expression of genes which are essential for carotenoid synthesis. Also provided are tools, methods and means to generate these strains.

The present invention relates to a method for producing lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) using Corynebacterium glutamicum, and more specifically to: recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum transformed such that, in order to increase productivity of LNT and LNnT, genes introduced from outside are expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and genes inherent in Corynebacterium glutamicum are overexpressed; and a method for producing LNT and LNnT using same. Accordingly, the present invention uses Corynebacterium glutamicum so as to enable producing LNT and LNnT in a safe manner and in high concentration, high yield, high productivity, compared to when using conventional Escherichia coli.

Provided herein, among other things, is an engineered non-plant cell that produces a tropane alkaloid product, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product. A method for producing a tropane alkaloid, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product that makes use of the cell is also described.