The present disclosure provides high-performance hybridization reagents for use in a variety of hybridization assays and other related techniques. The hybridization reagents comprise an oligonucleotide probe and a bridging antigen, wherein the bridging antigen is recognized by a detectable antibody with high affinity. Also provided are compositions comprising panels of hybridization reagents specific for multiple different target nucleic acids and compositions comprising pairs of hybridization reagents and their complementary detectable antibodies. The paired hybridization reagents and detectable antibodies are useful in a variety of hybridization assays, particularly in highly multiplexed assays, where the structure of the bridging antigen is varied in tandem with variation in the detectable antibody, such that a multiplicity of hybridization reagents are provided that are capable of simultaneously detecting a multiplicity of target nucleic acids in a single assay. Also provided are kits comprising the hybridization reagents, methods of hybridization assay using the hybridization reagents of the disclosure, and methods of preparation of the hybridization reagents.

The present application relates to the field of neurological diseases, particularly to dystonia, even more particularly to primary dystonia, most particularly DYT1 primary dystonia. It is disclosed that the DYT1 dystonia causative mutation in TORSIN1A leads to hyperactivation of LIPIN. The invention provides substances modulating LIPIN function, in particular RNA molecules inhibiting LIPIN function and medical uses of these LIPIN inhibitors. Methods are disclosed to screen for medicaments that counteract the effects of TORSIN1A mutation.

The present invention discloses a production method of enzymatic reaction using adenosine instead of ATP. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding ATP regeneration enzyme, AK enzyme and adenosine in proportion to carry out an enzymatic reaction in an enzymatic reaction system; (2) separating the ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by either directly separating ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme immobilized in a reaction tank, or separating free ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by an ultrafiltration membrane in a filter; and (3) separating and purifying the filtrate of step (2) to obtain a product. The disclosed method provides: greatly reduced industrial production costs; faster reaction rate; stable enzyme recovery system that is energy efficient and environmentally friendly; and capability of reusing the byproducts or collecting them for the production of ATP.

Methods for treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and several clinically related conditions in subjects in need thereof are provided. In further aspects, methods are provided for decreasing muscle degeneration in a subject in need thereof. In even further aspects, methods of enhancing sarcolemma stability and or/integrity in muscle cells lacking functional dystrophin in a subject in need thereof are provided. In aspects, the above-methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition suitable for increasing expression of a LPIN1 gene or a lipin-1 protein levels in a muscle cell of said subject; and decreasing muscle degeneration and improving exercise endurance and muscle contractile force in said subject by said step of administering.

Disclosed are nucleotide sequences and corresponding amino acid sequences of Arxula adeninivorans genes that can be utilized to manipulate the lipid content and/or composition of a cell. Methods and compositions for utilizing this information are disclosed to increase the lipid content or modify the lipid composition of a cell by either increasing or decreasing the activity of certain genetic targets.

The present invention relates to the production of hydrolyzates from a lignocellulose-containing material, and to fermentation of the hydrolyzates. More specifically, the present invention relates to the detoxification of phenolic inhibitors and toxins formed during the processing of lignocellulose-containing material by enzymatically sulfating the phenolic inhibitors and toxins using aryl sulfotranseferases.

The present invention discloses a production method of enzymatic reaction using adenosine instead of ATP. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding ATP regeneration enzyme, AK enzyme and adenosine in proportion to carry out an enzymatic reaction in an enzymatic reaction system; (2) separating the ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by either directly separating ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme immobilized in a reaction tank, or separating free ATP regeneration enzyme and AK enzyme by an ultrafiltration membrane in a filter; and (3) separating and purifying the filtrate of step (2) to obtain a product. The disclosed method provides: greatly reduced industrial production costs; faster reaction rate; stable enzyme recovery system that is energy efficient and environmentally friendly; and capability of reusing the byproducts or collecting them for the production of ATP.