The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating disease and disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification by modulating the level or activity of NPP1 or a mutant thereof, or a mutant NPP4 modified to exhibit ATP hydrolase activity similar to the hydrolase activity of NPP1.

Provided is a method capable of simply and exponentially amplifying circular DNA, and particularly, long-chain circular DNA, in a cell-free system. Specifically, provided herein is a method for amplifying circular DNA which comprises mixing circular DNA having a replication origin sequence (origin of chromosome (oriC)) with a reaction solution comprising: a first enzyme group that catalyzes replication of circular DNA; a second enzyme group that catalyzes an Okazaki fragment maturation and synthesizes two sister circular DNAs constituting a catenane; a third enzyme group that catalyzes a separation of two sister circular DNAs; and also, a buffer, NTP, dNTP, a magnesium ion source, and an alkali metal ion source, to form a reaction mixture, which is then reacted.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating disease and disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification.

The present invention provides a novel fusion polypeptide containing a catalytic domain of NPP1 fused to a targeting moiety, nucleic acids encoding the fusion polypeptide, a vector containing the nucleic acid integrated thereinto, a host cell transformed with the vector and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fusion polypeptide.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for modulating coagulation through modulating the level or activity of NPP4.

Methods are described for stratifying patient risk for patients with prostate cancer and for providing a treatment recommendation to a patient based on a phosphodiesterase 4D variant 7 (PDE4D7) risk score. A diagnostic kit and a computer program product for the analysis and determination of the PDE4D7 risk score are also described.

In certain aspects, the present invention provides novel lyophilized formulations of ENPP1 polypeptides, as well as methods for using such lyophilized formulations and reconstituted formulations of ENPP1 to treat an indication associated an ENPP1 deficiency. The formulations and methods provided herein are useful in treating diseases associated with an ENPP1 deficiency such as pathological calcification or pathological ossification.

The present invention provides a novel fusion polypeptide containing a catalytic portion of NPP1 fused to a targeting moiety, nucleic acids encoding the fusion polypeptide, a vector containing the nucleic acid integrated thereinto, a host cell transformed with the vector and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fusion polypeptide.

The present invention provides submerged fermentation processes of producing one or more polypeptide of interest, the process comprising: a) fermenting one or more microorganism that produces the one more polypeptide of interest in a fermentation broth, and b) adding at least one enzyme to the fermentation broth: OR co-expressing the at least one enzyme in the one or more microorganism and secreting the at least one enzyme into the fermentation broth in an amount sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the fermentation broth, compared to when the at least one enzyme is not added or co-expressed; and, optionally, c) recovering the one or more polypeptide of interest.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating diseases or disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification. In certain embodiments, the diseases or disorders are selected from the group consisting of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI), Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification (IIAC), Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL), hypophosphatemic rickets, osteoarthritis, calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, PXE, hereditary and non-hereditary forms of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hardening of the arteries occurring with aging, calciphylaxis resulting from end stage renal disease and progeria.