The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having phospholipase C activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Provided is a method for depleting host nucleic acid in a biological sample, said sample having been previously obtained from an animal host, said method comprising the steps of (a) adding a cytolysin, or an active variant thereof, to said sample; and (b) carrying-out a process to physically deplete nucleic acid released from host cells within said sample or otherwise render such nucleic acid unidentifiable.

Described herein are recombinant fermenting organisms having a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a phospholipase. Also described are processes for producing a fermentation product, such as ethanol, from starch or cellulosic-containing material with the recombinant fermenting organisms.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the phospholipid content in an oil or fat composition and polypeptides having PI-specific phospholipase C activity as well as polypeptides having PC, PE-specific phospholipase C activity and combinations thereof capable of catalyzing this reduction. The invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

A mutated phospholipase C enzyme, comprising an amino acid sequence wherein at least one amino acids is substituted in the position selected from the group consisting of 120, 85, 88, 106, 121, 188, 189, 230, 53, 82, 178 and 194 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 1, or an amino acid sequence with at least 80% identical of SEQ ID No. 1.

Described herein are recombinant fermenting organisms having a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a phospholipase. Also described are processes for producing a fermentation product, such as ethanol, from starch or cellulosic-containing material with the recombinant fermenting organisms.

The present disclosure relates to a synthesis method of -nicotinamide mononucleotide (-NMN) and an intermediate thereof. In the present disclosure, phospholipid metabolism enzymes phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC) widely present in the biosphere are used as catalysts to prepare -NMN through two-step enzymolysis or one-pot synthesis; and an intermediate, namely phosphatidyl nicotinamide riboside (PNR), is obtained during the two-step enzymolysis. The present disclosure has simple reaction steps, low production cost, and environmental friendliness, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

SUMMARY

[Problems] To provide a method for producing plant-derived free ceramide simply and efficiently using a plant raw material.

[Solution]A method for producing plant-derived free ceramide comprising an intrinsic enzyme activation step of destroying the cell structure of a plant tissue excluding calli to obtain a plant tissue homogenate in which phospholipase C that has glycosylinositol phosphoceramide as a substrate intrinsic in cells of the plant boy is activated; and a degradation step of reacting the plant tissue homogenate by itself and/or together with another plant-derived glycosylinositol phosphoceramide-containing material at a temperature range of 20 to 30 C. to selectively decompose the plant-derived glycosylinositol phosphoceramide into free ceramide by means of the phospholipase C.