An endoscope system includes a light source that emits illumination light, an image sensor that captures an image of an object toward which the illumination light is emitted, and a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether a fluid is present in the object. If the fluid is not present in the object, the processor switches to a first observation mode in which to illuminate the object by first illumination light. If the fluid is present in the object, the processor switches to a second observation mode in which to illuminate the object by second illumination light. The second illumination light includes is larger than the first illumination light in a relative ratio of long wavelength components.

Embodiments described herein provide various examples of a machine-learning-based visual-haptic system for constructing visual-haptic models for various interactions between surgical tools and tissues. In one aspect, a process for constructing a visual-haptic model is disclosed. This process can begin by receiving a set of training videos. The process then processes each training video in the set of training videos to extract one or more video segments that depict a target tool-tissue interaction from the training video, wherein the target tool-tissue interaction involves exerting a force by one or more surgical tools on a tissue. Next, for each video segment in the set of video segments, the process annotates each video image in the video segment with a set of force levels predefined for the target tool-tissue interaction. The process subsequently trains a machine-learning model using the annotated video images to obtain a trained machine-learning model for the target tool-tissue interaction.

A medical imaging system is described that comprises an heating element configured to apply at least one heating pattern element to a material to locally heat the material; a sensor configured to capture the position of the heated material a predetermined time after the application of the heating pattern element; and circuitry configured to determine the change of the heating pattern applied to the material based upon the captured position of the heated material after the predetermined time.

Methods, endoscopic systems, and non-transitory, machine-readable storage media for adjusting an exposure of an endoscopic system are described. In an embodiment, the methods include emitting light with a light source into a proximal end of an endoscope light pipe; generating received light signals with a photodetector based on light received through the endoscope light pipe by the photodetector; displaying, with a display module, images based on the received light signals having a current image brightness; monitoring the received light signals for changes to the current image brightness; and adjusting a light source illuminance level, and in some embodiments a photodetector gain and exposure time, based on the current image brightness to maintain a target image brightness of the display module. In an embodiment, a brightness adjustment step size is less than a just-noticeable difference in brightness of an eye and is directly proportional to the current image brightness.

A control method, a control device, a storage medium, and an electronic device for a magnetic capsule endoscope is provided. The method includes: obtaining a safe operating range of a magnetic moving member to obtain a spatial range parameter, wherein the magnetic moving member controls the movement of the magnetic capsule endoscope through the movement of a magnetic field during movement; controlling a drive mechanism to drive the magnetic moving member to move within the safe operating range according to a specified movement mode according to the spatial range parameter, wherein the magnetic capsule endoscope moves under the attraction of the moving magnetic field of the magnetic moving part; and controlling the magnetic capsule endoscope to transmit captured videos or images during the movement.

The present invention discloses a control method, system, electronic device and readable storage medium for a capsule endoscope. The method includes: providing a working apparatus, comprising a capsule endoscope, and an external data recorder for cooperating with and controlling the capsule endoscope; monitoring the received ambient power by the external data recorder before wireless transmission of the capsule endoscope or during an intermittence between two transmissions, and/or monitoring the output power of the capsule endoscope by the external data recorder as data is transmitted during wireless transmission; adjusting the operating state of the working apparatus according to the ambient power and/or output power. The present invention can monitor the power during the dormant period before image interaction and/or in the process of image interaction, thus adjust the operating state of the capsule endoscope in real time, which can improve the wireless communication performance and operating time of the capsule endoscope.

A photothermal treatment device includes: irradiation means that irradiates a lesion tissue in a body cavity with heating light; a thermo-endoscope including endoscopic imaging means that images the inside of the body cavity and thermographic imaging means that images a surface temperature of a tissue in the body cavity as a thermal image; and control means (control personal computer (PC)) that controls an output and an irradiation time of the irradiation means based on temperature information of the thermal image obtained from the thermographic imaging means.

An image processing apparatus includes a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: set a first acquisition condition and a second acquisition condition for a video processor configured to acquire a first image that is based on a display-purpose acquisition condition for acquiring an image for display at a frame rate for viewing and a second image that is based on an analysis-purpose acquisition condition for acquiring an image for image analysis at a frame rate that is lower than the frame rate for viewing, in a mixed manner, the first acquisition condition including the display-purpose acquisition condition, the second acquisition condition including the display-purpose acquisition condition and the analysis-purpose acquisition condition; generate support information based on an image analysis result; and control switching between the first acquisition condition and the second acquisition condition according to the image analysis result.

Controlled motion capsules and associated systems and methods are described. Controlled motion capsules can decelerate, and stop, without damaging epithelial walls. If any components fail, a controlled motion capsule, without added energy, becomes its most compact shape, passing harmlessly through the GI tract. Controlled motion capsule may include a shape changing material, comprising a reversible soft copolymer, in a container in the capsule, with a nonionizing radiation emitter, and a controller to activate the nonionizing radiation to expand and contract the shape changing material, on detection of certain conditions or instructions. Expansion of the shape changing material, including contact with epithelial walls, decelerates and can stop the controlled motion capsule movement. Motion control allows scientists to study the microbiome, doctors to deliver intestinal drugs at precise locations, and to closely examine signs of precancerous growth.

A force estimation system for calculating force information regarding forces applied to one or more positions of a flexible tubular portion having flexibility through an arithmetic operation, the force estimation system comprising: a processor configured to input the deformation state and the mechanical property at a plurality of longitudinal positions of the flexible tubular portion, and calculates the force information of the force applied to the individual positions of the flexible tubular portion based on the deformed state and the mechanical property.