The presently disclosed subject matter provides techniques for inducing collagen cross-linking in human tissue, such as cartilage, by inducing ionization of the water contained in the tissue to produce free radicals that induce chemical cross-linking in the human tissue. In an embodiment, a femtosecond laser operates at sufficiently low laser pulse energy to avoid optical breakdown of the tissue being treated. In an embodiment, the femtosecond laser operates in the infrared frequency range.

A laser irradiation device includes a housing which has an accommodation space formed therein and an opening formed in one side thereof, a laser module which is positioned in the accommodation space and outputs a pulsed beam having a predetermined focal length and a predetermined focal depth range through the opening, a guide member positioned at one side of the housing, and a contact member which is mounted on the guide member and includes a contact portion having a through-hole, through which the pulsed beam passes, formed therein, wherein the contact portion is in contact with a subject to assist in fixing an irradiation point of the pulsed beam, one end of the contact portion is positioned within the focal depth range such that plasma ablation is induced in at least a portion of the subject, and a diameter of the through-hole having a circular shape.

Embodiments relate to a systems and methods for preventative irradiative dental treatment. In accordance with one embodiment, a system and method include using a radiation source to generate a radiation; using an optic disposed to accept the radiation to internally reflect he radiation at a first end; using at least one side of the optic to contact a dental hard tissue; using the optic to couple some of the radiation into the dental hard tissue; and, using a controller to control a parameter of the radiation to heat a surface of the dental hard tissue.

Rather than rely solely upon pupillary occlusion or tracking of eye movement to protect the fundus from accidental exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the present invention also utilizes an electromagnetic radiation pathway with a profile such that the energy density at the iris is greater than the energy density at the posterior portion of the eye. This disparity in energy density allows for efficacy at the anterior iris treatment site, without injury to the fundus.

Provided herein are methods for inducing an anti-tumor immune response and/or treating cancer comprising treating tumor tissue of the subject with energy to induce fractional tissue damage in combination with one or more checkpoint molecule modulating agents.

A laser system includes a base unit having a power source. A hand-held applicator is connected with the base unit configured to engage biological tissue for treatment. Position detection structure is associated with the applicator for determining a position of the applicator relative to the engaged biological tissue. A laser source generates a laser beam. A cooling system provides a cooling agent to the biological tissue during treatment. A processor circuit is connected with the position detection structure, the laser source and the cooling system. Based on data received from the position detection structure, the processor circuit triggers application of the cooling agent to the treated biological tissue, or triggers application of the cooling agent to the treated biological tissue, followed by a time delay, and then triggers the laser source.

Rather than rely solely upon pupillary occlusion or tracking of eye movement to protect the fundus from accidental exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the present invention also utilizes an electromagnetic radiation pathway with a profile such that the energy density at the iris is greater than the energy density at the posterior portion of the eye. This disparity in energy density allows for efficacy at the anterior iris treatment site, without injury to the fundus.

The presently disclosed subject matter provides techniques for inducing collagen cross-linking in human tissue, such as cartilage, by inducing ionization of the water contained in the tissue to produce free radicals that induce chemical cross-linking in the human tissue. In an embodiment, a femtosecond laser operates at sufficiently low laser pulse energy to avoid optical breakdown of the tissue being treated. In an embodiment, the femtosecond laser operates in the infrared frequency range.

According to an aspect, there is provided a hand-held skin treatment device (2) for applying light to skin of a subject to perform a treatment operation. The hand-held device (2) comprises a rigid main housing (4) accommodating a cooling unit (19); a first treatment head portion (12) coupled to the main housing (4) for performing the treatment operation on a first skin portion, wherein the first treatment head portion (12) comprises a first optical waveguide (16) having a first skin-contact surface (17) with a first total surface area, a first light source (14) for generating light and applying the light to the first skin portion via the first optical waveguide (16) and the first skin-contact surface (17), and a first heat sink (18) thermally coupled to the first light source (14) and to the cooling unit (19); a second treatment head portion (20) for performing the treatment operation on a second skin portion adjacent to the first skin portion, wherein the second treatment head portion (20) comprises a second optical waveguide (24) having a second skin-contact surface (25) with a second total surface area, a second light source (22) for generating light and applying the light to the second skin portion via the second optical waveguide (24) and the second skin-contact surface (25), and a second heat sink (26) thermally coupled to the second light source (22); wherein the hand-held device (2) is operable in (i) a first configuration in which the first and second treatment head portions (12; 20) are in a first spatial arrangement relative to the main housing (4) such that, in an operational position of the main housing (4) relative to the skin, only the first skin-contact surface (17) is arranged in a treatment position relative to the main housing (4) such as to be able to contact the skin over the first total surface area; and (ii) a second configuration in which the second treatment head portion (20) is coupled to the main housing (4) and the second heat sink (26) is thermally coupled to the cooling unit (19), and in which the first and second treatment head portions (12; 20) are in a second spatial arrangement relative to the main housing (4), different from the first spatial arrangement, such that, in the operational position of the main housing (4), the first skin-contact surface (17) and the second skin-contact surface (25) are each arranged in a treatment position relative to the mai

Optical scanning system and method for performing therapy on trabecular meshwork of a patient's eye, including a light source for producing alignment and therapeutic light, a scanning device for deflecting the alignment and therapeutic light to produce an alignment therapeutic patterns of the alignment and therapeutic light, and an ophthalmic lens assembly for placement over a patient's eye that includes a reflective optical element for reflecting the light patterns onto the trabecular meshwork of the patient's eye. The reflective optical element can be a continuous annular mirror (e.g. smooth or with multiple facets) to image the entire trabecular meshwork, or a reflective optical element that moves in coordination with the deflection of the beam. Visualization of the alignment and therapeutic patterns of light on the eye can be implemented by reflection thereof off a visualization mirror that transmits a portion of light emanating from the trabecular meshwork.