System and methods for stimulating the neurovascular system of the cerebral tissue through optimally placed devices, while simultaneously measuring the evoked neuronal and hemodynamic responses, also using optimally placed devices, is disclosed. Systems and methods for iteratively stimulating the neurovascular system and recording neuronal and hemodynamic responses are also disclosed. Further, a method for determining cerebral neurovascular functioning from the combined stimulation and measurement is disclosed, for use in diagnosis of neurovascular disorders.

A device for examining a pathological interaction between different brain areas, including a stimulation unit, which administers identical stimuli to a patient in a sequential manner, wherein the stimuli stimulate neurons of the patient in the brain areas to be examined, a measuring unit for recording measurement signals that represent a neural activity of the stimulated neurons, and a control and analysis unit for controlling the stimulation unit and for analyzing the measurement signals. The control and analysis unit transforms the measurement signals into the complex plane, examines the distribution of the phases of stimuli of the measurement signals absorbed by the measuring unit in response to the stimuli delivered to the patient, and determines the probability, with which the phase distribution differs from a uniform distribution, in order to ascertain whether a pathological interaction between the brain areas exists.

The present disclosure provides methods, systems and devices for assessing brain neural activity and/or characteristics by providing at least two TMS stimulation pulses, obtaining an EEG indicative of brain activity responses associated with the at least two TMS stimulation pulses and compare the brain activity responses to evaluate neural characteristic of the brain.

An apparatus comprises a data processing unit and a stimulator. The data processing unit receives first electroencephalographic data based on a measurement of a brain of a person exposed to one or more estimated or measured non-zero amounts of anesthetic drug substance. The data processing unit performs a first comparison between the first electroencephalographic data and corresponding data of a reference brain function, and outputs information about the first comparison. The stimulator provides the brain of the person exposed to the anesthetic drug substance with brain stimulation on the basis of a direct or indirect reception of the information about the first comparison.

The object is to acquire electroencephalogram of high resolution with fewer number of electrodes than usual. An electroencephalogram measurement apparatus comprising: a plurality of electrodes 110 attached on the scalp of a subject for acquisition of electroencephalogram signals of the subject; and an electroencephalogram generation unit 150 for generating an electroencephalograms at locations of the scalp where the electrodes are attached and electroencephalograms at locations of the scalp where the electrodes are not attached.

An apparatus and method are provided to determine a parameter using an auditory model of a hearing loss patient. The parameter determination apparatus determines a similarity between a neurogram of a normal subject and a neurogram of a hearing loss patient, and determines an optimal frequency band for the hearing loss patient based on the similarity.

A stimulation probe includes a proximal end connector and a flexible wire coupled to the end connector. A handle is coupled to the wire and a needle extends from the handle and terminates at a conductive tip.

Certain examples provide systems and methods to enhance slow wave sleep. An example method includes identifying a sleep stage for slow wave sleep in a subject being monitored. The example method also includes generating, following identification of slow wave sleep and using a processor including a phase locked loop, an output signal based on a phase of a reference input signal, the output signal phase locked according to the reference input signal. The example method includes delivering, during slow wave sleep for the subject, a stimulus to the subject based on the phase locked output signal. The delivering includes providing the stimulus in a series of signal pulses for a first period of time; and providing a refractory period without pulses in a second period of time. The method further includes measuring feedback from the stimulus.

An evaluation apparatus comprises a brain wave acquiring unit that acquires a brain wave signal from each of a plurality of subjects; an intensity data generating unit that generates intensity data that represents an intensity of a signal component in a predetermined frequency band or a relation between intensities of signal components in a plurality of frequency bands; a correlation data generating unit that acquires pairs of two subjects for all combinations, calculates a cross-correlation coefficient for the intensity data at each point in time for the respective pairs, and generates, correlation data in the time-series form; and an output unit that generates evaluation data that numerically represents a degree of synchronization of brain wave fluctuation based on the correlation data.

The application relates to a hearing device, e.g. a hearing aid, comprising a first part for being inserted in an ear canal or fully or partially implanted in the head of a user, the first part comprising at least one electrode unit, termed a PR-electrode unit, for making contact to skin or tissue of a user when mounted or implanted in an operational condition, the at least one PR-electrode unit being configured to pick up a physiological response from the user, and wherein the at least one PR-electrode unit comprises an electrically conductive material, e.g. a shape memory alloy. The first part may comprise an implanted part, e.g. in combination with an external part adapted for being located in an ear canal, wherein both parts comprise one or more PR-electrode units. The invention may e.g. be used hearing aids, headsets, ear phones, active ear protection systems, or combinations thereof, e.g. to control processing of the hearing device or to monitor a condition of the user wearing the hearing device.