A method of treating a subject in need of a non-syngeneic cell or tissue graft is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) transplanting into a subject a dose of T cell depleted immature hematopoietic cells, wherein the T cell depleted immature hematopoietic cells comprise less than 5×10.sup.5 CD3.sup.+ T cells per kilogram body weight of the subject, and wherein the dose comprises at least about 5×10.sup.6 CD34+ cells per kilogram body weight of the subject; and subsequently (b) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of cyclophosphamide, wherein the therapeutically effective amount comprises 25-200 mg per kilogram body weight, thereby treating the subject.

A method of treating a subject in need of a non-syngeneic cell or tissue graft is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) transplanting into a subject a dose of T cell depleted immature hematopoietic cells, wherein the T cell depleted immature hematopoietic cells comprise less than 5×10.sup.5 CD3.sup.+ T cells per kilogram body weight of the subject, and wherein the dose comprises at least about 5×10.sup.6 CD34+ cells per kilogram body weight of the subject; and subsequently (b) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of cyclophosphamide, wherein the therapeutically effective amount comprises 25-200 mg per kilogram body weight, thereby treating the subject.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions related to therapy for cancer. More specifically, the disclosed methods and compositions are related to the use of smallpox vaccine to induce an effective anti-tumor immune response.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to compositions and methods for inducing transplantation tolerance using immunomodulation agents. In certain embodiments compositions and methods disclosed herein, concern administering a composition including, but not limited to, anti-CD3 immunotoxin and administering a composition including, but not limited to, peripheral blood cells obtained from a donor of an organ, tissue or cells to be transplanted. In some embodiments, compositions and methods disclosed here can be used for modulating B- and/or T-cell-mediated immunity and/or rejection by reducing or eliminating anti-donor antibody production. Other embodiments concern modulating T-cell production in a subject preparing for, undergoing organ, tissue or cellular transplantation; or having or expected of developing GvHD for reducing the risk of, preventing or treating rejection or GvHD. In certain embodiments, combination compositions of anti-CD3 immunotoxin and peripheral blood cells from a donor are contemplated.

Provided are methods for administering multiple doses of cells, such as T cells, to subjects for cell therapy. Also provided are compositions and articles of manufacture for use in the methods. The cells generally express recombinant receptors such as chimeric receptors, e.g., chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or other transgenic receptors such as T cell receptors (TCRs). The methods generally involve administering a first and at least one consecutive dose of the cells. Timing of the doses relative to one another, and/or size of the doses, in some embodiments provide various advantages such as lower or reduced toxicity and improved efficacy, for example, due to increased exposure of the subject to the administered cells. In some embodiments, the first dose is a relatively low dose, such as one that reduces tumor or disease burden, thereby improving the efficacy of consecutive or subsequent doses, and the consecutive dose is a consolidating dose.

The present invention is directed to transduced T cells expressing at least 100,000 molecules of human somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which improves PET/CT imaging sensitivity. The present invention is also directed to transduced T cells expressing SSTR2 and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In one embodiment, the CAR is specific to human ICAM-1 and the CAR comprises a binding domain that is scFv of anti-human ICAM-1, or an I domain of the αL subunit of human lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. In another embodiment, the CAR is specific to human CD19, and the CAR comprises a binding domain that is scFv of anti-human CD19. The present invention is further directed to using the above transduced T cells for monitoring T cell distribution in a patient by PET/CT imaging and/or treating cancer.

The technology relates in part to methods for controlling the activity or elimination of therapeutic cells using molecular switches that employ distinct heterodimerizer ligands, in conjunction with other multimeric ligands. The technology may be used, for example to activate or eliminate cells used to promote engraftment, to treat diseases or condition, or to control or modulate the activity of therapeutic cells that express chimeric antigen receptors or recombinant T cell receptors.

The present invention provides a composition for treating ischemic diseases or neuroinflammatory diseases. PSA-NCAM-positive neural progenitor cells used in the present invention promote angiogenesis in injected tissue and inhibit an inflammatory response. The PSA-NCAM-positive neural progenitor cells can be simply isolated by using an anti-PSA-NCAM-antibody, and exhibit excellent angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities compared with mesenchymal stem cells, and thus can be useful as a composition for effectively treating ischemic diseases caused by a vascular injury and nerve damage diseases caused by inflammation. In addition, a secretome of the neural progenitor cells of the present invention reduces the ischemic injury site and allows a neurological function to recover, and thus can be used as an agent for treating ischemic diseases and degenerative nervous system disorders such as nerve damage diseases caused by inflammation.

Provided herein are cytoplasts, compositions comprising cytoplasts, methods of using cytoplasts, and methods of treating a subject, such as providing benefits to a healthy or unhealthy subject, or treating or diagnosing a disease or condition in a subject. In some embodiments, methods of treating a subject include: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a cytoplast. Also, provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions) that include a cytoplast. Also, provided herein are kits comprising instructions for using the compositions or methods.

In some embodiments, compositions and methods re¬lating to isolated artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) are dis¬closed, including aAPCs comprising a myeloid cell transduced with one or more viral vectors, such as a MOLM-14 or a EM-3 myeloid cell, wherein the myeloid cell endogenously expresses HLA-A/B/C, ICOS-L, and CD58, and wherein the one or more viral vectors com¬prise a nucleic acid encoding CD86 and a nucleic acid encoding 4-1BBL and/or OX40L and transduce the myeloid cell to express CD86 and 4-1BBL and/or OX40L proteins. In some embodiments, methods of expanding tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with aAPCs and methods of treating cancers using TILs after expansion with aAPCs are also disclosed.