The present invention belongs to the field of microbiology, and particularly relates to an application of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in prevention and treatment of burn and scald complicated with bacterial infection. The burn and scald of the present invention include burns and scalds, and degree of the scalds includes I degree, superficial II degree, deep II degree, or III degree scalds. Site of the scalds includes skin, mucosa or other tissues. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat burn and scald complicated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by activating the specific immune response of the body. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can reduce the bacterial load in the immunized subject through the established immunization procedures, thereby providing a technical solution that can effectively prevent burn and scald complicated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which avoids the technical problems caused by the use of antibiotics such as poor effectiveness, difficulty in curing and proneness to drug resistance in the prior art to a certain degree.

Provided are modified bacteria and derivatives thereof that express antigens of interest. In some embodiments, the bacterium has a reduced genome and induces an enhanced immune response against the antigen of interest when administered to a subject as compared to an immune response that would have been induced by a bacterium of the same strain that has a full complement of genes. In some embodiments, the antigen is expressed on a surface of a bacterium. Also provided are method for producing antibody against antigens of interest, vaccine compositions, methods for vaccinating subjects, methods for treating cancers in subjects, methods for modulating inappropriate and undesirable immune response, methods for targeting materials in or on a human or animal that may be the cause of disease or otherwise undesirable phenotypes, and expression vectors for expressing antigens on the surface of reduced genome bacteria.

Provided herein are immunogenic compositions that may be used, in some aspects, to induce an immune response against an Ehrlichia such as Ehrlichia cams. In some embodiments, the immunogenic composition comprises an E. canis bacterin and/or adjuvant, such as for example an emulsion or liposomal adjuvant. Related methods such as for diagnosis of or vaccination against ehrlichiosis are also provided.

The disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating and vaccinating insects and insect populations from bacterial diseases. The disclosure further provides compositions and methods for prophylactically immunizing honeybee hive to protect from infection with Foulbrood disease. In embodiments, the disclosure further provides compositions and methods for prophylactically immunizing honeybee hive to protect from infection with American foulbrood caused by Paenibaccilus larvae.

The present disclosure relates to immunogenic compositions comprising a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen, and a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, such as an oligonucleotide comprising an unmethylated cytidine-phospho-guano sine (CpG) motif. The immunogenic compositions are suitable for stimulating an immune response against a SARS-CoV-2 in an individual in need thereof.

The present invention relates to the use of an immunomodulator comprising non-pathogenic non-viable Mycobacterium, such as Mycobacterium obuense (IMM-101), and one or more biologically-active agents, suitably an antigen or antigenic determinant, in a method of treating or preventing a infection and/or the symptoms associated thereof in a human subject at elevated risk of exposure to and/or severity of said infection, such as a healthcare or social care worker or cancer patient, wherein said viral infections are preferably caused by a coronavirus. The invention is particularly applicable to those infections caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The invention also provides an adjuvant and pharmaceutical composition comprising said immunomodulator optionally with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, as well as the use of said adjuvant or said pharmaceutical composition in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or preventions of said infections.

This invention is directed to a product for use in avian subjects comprising a combination of in ovo vaccine and probiotic, and related methods.

Provided are surprisingly effective methods for inactivating pathogens, and for producing highly immunogenic vaccine compositions containing an inactivated pathogen rendered noninfectious by exposure to a Fenton reagent, or by exposure to a Fenton reagent or a component thereof in combination with a methisazone reagent selected from the group consisting of methisazone, methisazone analogs, functional group(s)/substructure(s) of methisazone, and combinations thereof. The methods efficiently inactivate pathogens, while substantially retaining pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, and are suitable for inactivating pathogens, or for the preparation of vaccines for a wide variety of pathogens with genomes comprising RNA or DNA, including viruses and bacteria. Also provided are highly immunogenic inactivated vaccine compositions prepared by using any of the disclosed methods, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering such vaccine compositions.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for the induction and/or proliferation of CD8+ T-cells. The disclosure also provides methods of treatment of diseases that can be treated by the induction and/or proliferation of CD8+ T-cells.

Disclosed herein are immunogenic compositions and vaccination regimes for immunizing humans against influenza disease.