Bordetella pertussis iron receptor proteins or portions thereof (e.g., one or more extracellular domains), alone or spliced into B. pertussis scaffold proteins (e.g., fimbrial or flagellin), are provided and can be used in acellular vaccines to protect against pertussis or other Bordetella diseases in humans and non-human mammals. In addition, Bordetella species grown under iron-starved conditions are provided and can be used in whole cell vaccines to protect against pertussis or other Bordetella diseases in humans and non-human mammals.

The invention relates to methods of modulating immune cells in a patient by altering microbiota of the patient. The invention also relates to methods of modulating treatments or therapies in a subject organism by altering microbiota of the subject. The invention also relates to cell populations, systems, arrays, cells, RNA, kits and other means for effecting this. In an example, advantageously selective targeting of a particular species in a human gut microbiota using guided nucleic acid modification is carried out to effect the alteration.

The present invention is related to various vaccine compositions against Bordetella avium and methods for preparing and administering the various vaccine compositions. The present invention is related to multivalent vaccines compositions such as bivalent or trivalent vaccines for inoculating turkeys against from Bordetella avium rhinotracheitis or coryza due to Bordetella avium infection as well as methods of preparing and administering the multivalent vaccine compositions.

A vaccine for the prevention of infections with Bordetella, comprising at least outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of B. parapertussis, excipients and/or adjuvants. Bordetella may be, for example, B. pertussis or B. parapertussis. The vaccine can comprise adjuvants, for example, aluminum hydroxide and other immunogens such as tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, or combinations thereof. In another preferred embodiment, the vaccine for the prevention of infections with Bordetella comprises at least outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of B. pertussis and the lipopolysaccharide of B. parapertussis, excipients and/or adjuvants. The vaccine can comprise between 3 to 20 g per dose of OMVs from B. pertussis and between the amount equivalent to 10.sup.7 and 10.sup.10 bacteria per dose of lipopolysaccharide of B. parapertussis. The adjuvant can be aluminum hydroxide and other immunogens such as tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, or combinations thereof. The Tdap vaccine exhibits cross activity.

A Fim3-producing BPZE1 derivative with sufficiently stable fim3 expression to provide improved protection in mice against Fim3-only producing clinical B. pertussis isolates was developed. The fim3 expression in BPZE1f3 did not alter the protective efficacy against Fim2+ strains, nor against strains that produce neither Fim2 nor Fim3.

The invention relates to a liquid applicator, for administering liquids, including vaccines, to animals. In particular, the applicator is useful for delivering liquids to mouths of animals.