Disclosed are devices for detection of bleeding during surgical procedures and uses thereof. Also disclosed are methods of localizing a bleeding site during surgical procedures, and methods for evaluating an intensity of bleeding during the surgical procedures. The detection of bleeding is based, inter alia, on the presence of thrombin activity in a bleeding site.

Described are processes for preparing substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
by reacting a compound of formula (xi): ##STR00002##
with carbonyldiimidazole to form the compound of formula (I).

A system for determining a staining score of portions of dyeable epithelia within the ocular surface of a subject includes a portable computing device with a camera, a display, a memory, and a processor configured to execute a staining score application. An illumination/optics device with a light source and optics is configured to receive an image of the ocular surface. The illumination/optics device may be removably attached to the portable computing device. The staining score application includes an alignment module, an image acquisition module, and a staining scoring module.

A system for quantifying the presence of at least one chemical and/or a physical condition in ocular tissues is provided. The system uses a membrane having at least one photo-reactive chemical- and/or physical condition-sensing indicator dye and a photo-reactive reference dye wherein both the photo-reactive chemical- and/or physical condition-sensing indicator dye and the photo-reactive reference dye are responsive to the same wavelength of an excitation light source but emit different wavelengths of light in a light spectrum. An optical data detector receives the emitted light and a processor splits the data into two or more colours of the light spectrum and measures the intensity of the two or more colours. The colour intensity belonging to the emitted light from the chemical- and/or physical condition-sensing indicator dye is compared to the colour intensity of the light emitted from the reference dye and the amount of chemical present and/or the extent of physical condition is ratiometrically determined therefrom.

Methods, systems and computer-accessible medium for imaging a living cell or a living organism with bond-edited compounds using stimulated Raman scattering are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of introducing one or more bond-edited compounds into a live cell or a living organism, and detecting a vibrational tag in the cell or organism with stimulated Raman scattering. Also disclosed are methods for detecting a disease condition in a subject, methods for monitoring treatment for a disease condition, methods for screening an agent, methods for tracing a cellular process in a live cell using bond-edited compounds in combination with stimulated Raman scattering. Also disclosed are a composition for labeling a target cell with at least one bond-edited compound and devices for imaging bond-edited compounds by stimulated Raman scattering.

Methods, systems and computer-accessible medium for imaging a living cell or a living organism with bond-edited compounds using stimulated Raman scattering are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of introducing one or more bond-edited compounds into a live cell or a living organism, and detecting a vibrational tag in the cell or organism with stimulated Raman scattering. Also disclosed are methods for detecting a disease condition in a subject, methods for monitoring treatment for a disease condition, methods for screening an agent, methods for tracing a cellular process in a live cell using bond-edited compounds in combination with stimulated Raman scattering. Also disclosed are a composition for labeling a target cell with at least one bond-edited compound and devices for imaging bond-edited compounds by stimulated Raman scattering.

The invention provides novel nanoparticles with tunable and multi-color afterglow emission for extended time after excitation, and compositions thereof as well as methods for their preparation and use in various applications.

Described are substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine compounds, which are coelenterazine analogues, kits comprising the analogues, and methods of using the compounds for the detection of luminescence in luciferase-based assays. Also described are methods from making the compounds, such as a method using aminopyrazine acetophosphonates as synthesis intermediates.

The invention is directed to a visualizing agent comprising a polyoxazoline molecule and one or more labeling compounds. The visualizing agent can be an ocular staining composition that can be used to stain the vitreous body.

Compositions useful in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents and their methods of preparation and use are provided. The compositions comprise an optionally oxidized porous silicon core, a layer on the surface of the porous silicon core that comprises a metal silicate, and a therapeutic agent. The compositions optionally further comprise one or more targeting agents and/or cell-penetrating agents to enable the particles to target and enter cells or tissues of interest in a treated subject.