Methods for purifying .sup.89Zr are provided, .sup.89Zr compositions are provided, isotope compositions are provided that can include: a radio isotope and a nanoparticle, and methods for radio labeling monoclonal antibodies are provided.

The present disclosure discloses methods and compositions for administering Cerenkov radiation-induced therapy (CRIT).

Radiolabeled anti-PD-L1 antibodies and their use in immuno-PET imaging are provided herein. Included are methods of detecting the presence of PD-L1 proteins in a patient or sample.

Compounds are presented having the formula [M.sub.4L.sub.6].X.sub.n, where M is a transition metal ion having 6 d-shell valence electrons, X is a counter ion and n is the number of counterions such that the total charge of the compound of formula (I) is zero, and wherein L is a 5-(5-bipyridin-2,2′-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine or derivative thereof. Methods of preparing the compounds and uses of the compounds to retain radiolabels are also presented.

A radiotherapy treatment system and method used for conducting radiographic X-ray imaging on a target organ during radiographic treatment. The system comprises (a) an x-ray beam source configurable to deliver an X-ray beam to a target organ, (b) optical means for converging and shaping said beam to a cone-shaped X-ray beam of photons which hit the target organ simultaneously, (c) multiple high-Z nanoparticles attachable to the target organ, said high-Z nanoparticles absorbing said X-ray radiation and emitting X-ray fluorescence (XRF) photons, (d) at least one XRF detector for detecting said XRF photons ejecting out of a patient's body, and (e) control means for controlling the radiotherapy treatment procedure.

The x-ray beam is focusable on a section in the target organ where the concentration of said high-Z nanoparticles leading to a desirable emission of said XRF photons, and in case the emission of said XRF photons decreases, the x-ray beam is movable to refocus on the section in the target organ where the emission of said XRF photons is desirable.

A PET/SPECT probe includes the following formula:

P—1,—C

wherein P is a EDB-FN targeting peptide, C is a PET/SPECT contrast agent; and L is an optional linker that covalently links the peptide to the contrast agent.

A metal nuclide-loaded carbon microsphere (CMS), and a preparation method and a use thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: subjecting a metal ion and a small organic molecule to a reaction in an aqueous solution to obtain a complex; allowing a CMS to adsorb the complex; and subjecting the CMS adsorbing the complex to a first treatment. The metal nuclide-loaded CMS prepared by the method can stably exist in an aqueous solution at a temperature of lower than 180° C. and a pressure of lower than 10 MPa and has a metal nuclide dissolution rate of lower than 0.1% in the aqueous solution. After the prepared metal nuclide-loaded CMS is subjected to moist-heat sterilization at 121° C. for 15 min, a radionuclide release rate is still lower than 0.1%, which can significantly reduce the safety risk of the radioactive microsphere product in clinical use.

Provided herein is a method for identifying cytotoxic T cell activity due to cancer immunotherapy in a subject. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering an effective amount of a tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to a subject receiving a cancer immunotherapy, wherein the tracer comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to a luminal domain of a lymphocytic granule-associated molecule (LGAM) labeled with a PET or SPECT detectable moiety, and detecting the signal of the tracer by PET or SPECT imaging to identify the cytotoxic T cell activity due to immune therapy for the cancer in the subject. In several embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment specifically binds to the luminal domain of CD107a.

Dual-modality contrast agents are disclosed herein, having the general formula:

##STR00001##

R.sub.1 includes a chelating moiety that is chelated to a Mn.sup.2+ isotope. The disclosed contrast agents differentially target a wide range of malignant tumor tissues, and can be simultaneously used as contrast agents for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission topography (PET) imaging. Accordingly, the disclosed contrast agent can be used in diagnosing and monitoring solid tumor cancers.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over-expression is prominent in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Directly monitoring COX-2 activity within its native environment poses an exciting approach to account for and illuminate the effect of the local environments on protein activity. Herein, we report the development of CoxFluor, the first activity-based sensing approach for monitoring COX-2 within live cells with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CoxFluor strategically links a natural substrate with a dye precursor to engage both the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities of COX-2. This catalyzes the release of resorufin and the natural product, as supported by molecular dynamics and ensemble docking. CoxFluor enabled the detection of oxygen-dependent changes in COX-2 activity that are independent of protein expression within live macrophage cells.