A method of treating a patient having a blood pressure comprises delivering neuromodulation therapy to sustain or increase the blood pressure. The neuromodulation therapy includes placing a sympathetic therapy electrode in a posterior portion of a blood vessel and stimulating at least one extravascular cardiac sympathetic nerve fiber using said electrode.

Disclosed are various examples and embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods configured to treat mood disorders in a patient using a compact implantable neurostimulator and corresponding lead(s) that are shaped, sized and configured to be implanted beneath a patient's skin in the head or neck, and to stimulate one or more target cranial nerves. The one or more medical electrical leads comprising electrode(s) are positioned adjacent to, in contact with, or in operative positional relationship to, the one or more target cranial nerves of the patient. In some embodiments, electrical stimulation is provided to the one or more target cranial nerve(s) of the patient for periods of time ranging between 30 and 60 minutes, once or twice per day. In some embodiments, power is provided to the implantable neurostimulator transcutaneously by inductive, wireless, RF, acoustic, microwave, or other suitable non-invasive means.

Methods and systems are disclosed for modulating glycaemia in a patient in which an activating stimulation signal is applied at an activating location at the vagus nerve, the activating stimulation signal configured to evoke a neural response in the vagus nerve; and a blocking stimulation signal is applied at a blocking location at the vagus nerve, the blocking stimulation signal configured to inhibit transmission of the evoked neural response along the vagus nerve past the blocking location; to produce unidirectional vagal nerve stimulation, the unidirectional vagal nerve stimulation being effective to modulate glycaemia in the patient.

Disclosed is a method of enhancing exposure therapy including providing an exposure therapy to a patient and stimulating the patient's vagus nerve at the same time as the exposure therapy. Also disclosed is a post-traumatic stress disorder therapy method including providing an exposure event to a patient and stimulating the patient's vagus nerve during the exposure event. Also disclosed is a phobia disorder therapy method including providing an extinction event to a patient and stimulating the patient's vagus nerve during the exposure event. Also disclosed is an obsessive compulsive disorder therapy method including providing a therapy event to a patient and stimulating the patient's vagus nerve during the therapy event. Also disclosed is an addiction disorder therapy method including providing a therapy event to a patient and stimulating the patient's vagus nerve during the therapy event.

Methods and apparatuses for stimulation of the vagus nerve to treat inflammation including adjusting the stimulation based on one or more metric sensitive to patient response. The one or more metrics may include heart rate variability, level of T regulatory cells, particularly memory T regulatory cells, temperature, etc. Stimulation may be provided through an implantable microstimulator.

Systems and methods for improving behavioral therapies encompassing therapies wherein a perceptual stimulus is administered to a subject or a motor behavior is performed by the subject. Such administration of perceptual stimuli or motor performance is paired with the delivery of vagus nerve stimulation to the subject. The vagus nerve stimulation is timed with the sensory stimulus administration or motor performance in a temporal alignment that maximizes neuroplasticity and performance. Systems for performance of the method and associated software are also disclosed

A neural stimulator, suitable for implanting in a recipient, and configured to combine vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) with cochlear stimulation, to result in faster adaptation to new sounds and maps, and alleviation of tinnitus in the recipient.

A neuromimetic stimulating apparatus includes a feedback detector configured to detect a feedback signal from a target to be stimulated, a controller configured to analyze a waveform of the detected feedback signal and determine a parameter based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, and a signal generator configured to generate a stimulus signal corresponding to the detected feedback signal based on the determined parameter.

Methods, devices and systems to improve neural stimulation by applying biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse to speed conduction and improve mitochondrial function in conditions such as cerebellar dysfunction (such as gluten ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Alzheimer's disease). Improved neural stimulation of more distal brain structures may interrupt epileptic seizures. Additionally, biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse speed wound healing by lowering the cell membrane potential of the skin, and may stimulate the release of hormonal secretions or insulin by proper placement of electrodes.

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject having a disease or disorder comprising stimulating a nerve of the subject with a corrective stimulus pattern derived from a disease-specific, condition-specific, endogenous mediator-specific or pharmacologic agent-specific neurogram in an amount and manner effective to treat the disease or disorder.