Provided herein are methods, systems, and devices incorporating use of materials to store, ship, and deliver process gases to micro-electronics fabrication processes and other critical process applications.

A vaporizer includes an outer tube configured to receive a flow of heated gas and an inner tube disposed at least partially within the outer tube. The inner tube is spaced apart from the outer tube such that the flow of heated gas is channeled through an annular space therebetween. The vaporizer also includes a crucible disposed at least partially within the inner tube. The crucible is extendable and retractable relative to the inner tube and within the outer tube. The crucible is configured to hold a molten metal such that a surface area of the molten metal exposed to the flow of heated gas is adjustable based on the position of the crucible relative to the inner tube. A heater is configured to vaporize the molten material and the vapor mixes with the flow of heated gas.

Devices for generating and releasing vapor. In particular, described herein are portable devices for generating a low-temperature inhalable vapor having an elongated tubular body containing a vaporization chamber and a battery-powered heater, a removable mouthpiece covering the vaporization chamber, a display configured to indicate the temperature of the vaporization chamber; a microcontroller configured to regulate the temperature of the vaporization chamber, and a control to select from among a variety of temperature settings.

A vaporizer apparatus for vaporizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) into vapor-phase natural gas for injection into an oil or gas well, comprises a blower assembly, a burner section, a heat exchanger section, and at least one flammable gas concentration sensor. The blower assembly comprises a primary blower configured to move air along an air flow path through the vaporizer apparatus and a flame arrestor configured to allow passage of the air into the vaporizer apparatus and impede passage of a flame out of the vaporizer apparatus. The burner section comprises an enclosure having an upstream end coupled to the blower assembly and a downstream end, and a burner inside the enclosure and in the air flow path for heating the air. The heat exchanger section comprises an enclosure having an upstream end coupled to the downstream end of the burner section enclosure and a downstream end, and at least one LNG heat exchange tube inside the enclosure and in the air flow path, and thermally communicable with the air heated by the burner. The at least one flammable gas concentration sensor is in the air flow path upstream of the burner and is configured to detect whether a concentration of a flammable gas in the air is above a flammable gas concentration set point.

An evaporative gas generating device and a method for producing evaporative gas. A hydrogen bromide production device and a method for producing hydrogen bromide are also disclosed. The hydrogen bromide production device is provided with an evaporative gas generating device (1) that generates bromine gas, and a reactor (3) that reacts the bromine gas with hydrogen gas to form hydrogen bromide. The evaporative gas generating device (1) is provided with a container (10) that accommodates liquid bromine (B), and heating jackets (35, 36) that supply heat to a wall surface of the container (10), and heat and evaporate the liquid bromine (B) within a liquid accommodating part (15) of the container (10) to raise the temperature of the bromine gas within the evaporative gas accommodating part (16).

Described herein are delivery containers, systems and methods using same for providing improvements to precursor utilization in the containers for deposition process, as well as the cleaning and refilling of the containers. The containers are designed with structures which allow a carrier gas to be delivered from a flow distributor. The flow distributor comprises a plurality of small openings (jets) through which the carrier gas enters the precursor chamber and impinges upon the surface of the chemical precursors to produce a vapor.

A solvent vapor supply apparatus for supplying solvent vapor to a substrate treatment apparatus, includes: a solvent storage which is kept warm at a temperature equal to or higher than a saturation temperature of a solvent stored therein; a precooler which precools the solvent vapor generated in the solvent storage; and a temperature regulator regulates a temperature of the precooled solvent vapor to a target temperature when the solvent vapor is supplied to the substrate treatment apparatus, wherein the temperature regulator supplies the solvent vapor regulated to the target temperature to the substrate treatment apparatus.

A microfluidic device may include a first fluid chamber, a second fluid chamber, a first microfluidic passage extending between the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber, a second microfluidic passage extending from the second fluid chamber, a first fluid actuator adjacent the first microfluidic passage and proximate the first fluid chamber to inertially pump fluid away from the first fluid chamber and a second fluid actuator adjacent the first microfluidic passage and proximate the second fluid chamber to menially pump fluid towards the first fluid chamber.

A cosmetic product includes a cosmetic preparation including, relative to the total weight thereof, 50 to 90 wt. % polar solvent, and 0.001 to 10 wt. % direct dye. The product also includes a device for flash evaporation of the cosmetic preparation.

Disclosed is an integrated liquid injection evaporation container, including a container body provided therein with a space for storing a liquid; a seal gasket configured to seal the container body from an upper end portion is provided on an upper portion of the container body, where the seal gasket is an electric material; a press cap configured to press the seal gasket tight on the container body is further provided; a first injection hole configured to inject a fluid is provided on an upper end of the container body; a second injection hole corresponding to the first injection hole is provided on the press cap. Use of the first injection hole, the second injection hole, and the seal gasket achieves the objectives of convenient liquid injection without contamination, and simple mechanical liquid injection.