A method of producing substantially pure rare earth elements (REEs) from a mixture, including the steps of dissolving a mixture containing REEs in a strong acid to result in a dissolved mixture of metal ions, including that of REEs, capturing metal ions of REEs in a first set of chromatographic columns comprising strong acid cation exchange resins, washing said first set of chromatographic columns with a salt solution to remove non-adsorbing metal ions, eluting metal ions of REES from said first set of chromatographic columns with a first ligand solution to result in a solution of enriched metal ions of REEs, loading said solution of enriched metal ions of REEs onto a second set of chromatographic columns, and eluting bound metal ions of REEs stepwise from said second set of chromatographic columns using a second ligand solution to afford a substantially pure REE. The second set of chromatographic columns comprises hydrous polyvalent metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2. The ligand of the second ligand solution coordinates with said hydrous polyvalent metal oxide.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.

Systems and methods are described to concentrate a remote sample for analysis. A sample concentration system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a plurality of valves including at least a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve; a plurality of columns including at least a first column and a second column, the first column fluidically coupled to the first valve, the second column fluidically coupled to the second valve; and a flow meter coupled with the third valve, the flow meter fluidically coupled with each of the first column and the second column when the plurality of valves is in a first flow path configuration to measure an amount of the liquid sample passed through the first column and the second column, wherein the plurality of valves includes a second flow path configuration and a third flow path configuration.

A system for extracting ions from an aqueous solution without utilizing ion exchange. A semi-permeable membrane with 0.1 to 1000 nm diameter pores separates an aqueous salt solution from a chelating gel. The gel has un-crosslinked polymer (e.g. 1-10% by weight) and the balance water. The semi-permeable membrane lets ions diffuse into the chelating gel where the ions become trapped. The gel has a molecular weight that prevents its diffusion through the semi-permeable membrane.

Presented herein is a ligand-assisted elution chromatography process for the separation of metal ions using a sorbent. In particular, the present invention discloses a process of two sets of column system in combination with two sets of eluting ligand solutions to prepare substantially pure rare earth elements, wherein the first set of column comprises strong acid cation exchange resins and the second set of chromatographic columns comprises hydrous polyvalent metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 and wherein ligand of said second ligand solution coordinates with said hydrous polyvalent metal oxide.

Presented herein is a ligand-assisted elution chromatography process for the separation of metal ions using a sorbent. In particular, the present invention discloses a process of two sets of column system in combination with two sets of eluting ligand solutions to prepare substantially pure rare earth elements, wherein the first set of column comprises strong acid cation exchange resins and the second set of chromatographic columns comprises hydrous polyvalent metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 and wherein ligand of said second ligand solution coordinates with said hydrous polyvalent metal oxide.

The invention relates to the isolation or extraction of exosomes.

Methods for purifying RNA from a sample, comprising one or more steps of tangential flow filtration, hydroxyapatite chromatography, core bead flow-through chromatography, or any combinations thereof. These techniques are useful individually, but show very high efficiency when used in combination, or when performed in particular orders. The methods can purify RNA in a highly efficient manner without unduly compromising potency or stability, to provide compositions in which RNA is substantially cleared of contaminants. Moreover, they can be performed without the need for organic solvents.

Methods of using a separation media to isolate a target molecule that includes a carbohydrate are disclosed. The separation media includes a support substrate and a plurality of separation ligands immobilized on the support substrate. The plurality of separation ligands include an affinity capable of recognizing and binding to a carbohydrate.

Systems and methods are described to concentrate a remote sample for analysis. A sample concentration system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a plurality of valves including at least a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve; a plurality of columns including at least a first column and a second column, the first column fluidically coupled to the first valve, the second column fluidically coupled to the second valve; and a flow meter coupled with the third valve, the flow meter fluidically coupled with each of the first column and the second column when the plurality of valves is in a first flow path configuration to measure an amount of the liquid sample passed through the first column and the second column, wherein the plurality of valves includes a second flow path configuration and a third flow path configuration.