A car washing system comprises a filtering unit, a pure water pipeline, a waste water pipeline, a washing pipeline, an optional first branch line, and a second branch line. The filtering unit comprises an RO filter membrane, a filtering pipeline and a booster pump. One end of the filtering pipeline is connected to the inlet of the RO filter membrane. The booster pump is set in the filtering pipeline. The pure water pipeline is connected between a pure water outlet of the RO filter membrane and one end of the washing pipeline. The joint of the pure water pipeline and the washing pipeline is provided with a high-pressure pump. One end of the waste water pipeline is connected with waste water outlet of the RO filtering membrane, and the other end is a discharge end. The second branch line is connected between the waste water pipeline and the washing pipeline.

A filtration module for filtering a process medium in a bioprocess including a process flow path for a process medium, a filter membrane coupled to the process flow path, and a sampling membrane coupled both to the process flow path and to a sampling flow path for extracting a sample from the process medium. The sampling flow path guides the extracted sample to a sampling outlet of the filtration module or to an analyzer integrated into the filtration module. A filtration assembly including the filtration module and an analyzer coupled to the sampling outlet of the filtration module. A method of sampling during a bioprocess including providing such a filtration module, urging a process medium through the process flow path, filtering the process medium by using the filter membrane, extracting a sample from the process medium by using the sampling membrane, and guiding the extracted sample to a sampling outlet.

This present disclosure provides a process for concentrating proteins including an ultrafiltering, a diafiltering, and a second ultrafiltering sequence, at elevated temperatures, such as above about 30° C. The disclosure also includes a process of preparing highly concentrated antibody compositions. and highly concentrated antibody products.

This present disclosure provides a process for concentrating proteins including an ultrafiltering, a diafiltering, and a second ultrafiltering sequence, at elevated temperatures, such as above about 30° C. The disclosure also includes a process of preparing highly concentrated antibody compositions. and highly concentrated antibody products.

A method of recovering draw agent utilised in a forward osmosis membrane cell, the method comprising the steps of passing diluted draw agent to a vapour-liquid separator; using the vapour-liquid separator to separate draw agent vapour and solvent; and condensing draw agent vapour.

Provided are apparatus and method for controlling total dissolved solids, and water treatment apparatus including apparatus for controlling total dissolved solids. The total dissolved solid controlling apparatus includes, a filtering unit including a deionizing filter removing dissolved solids from inflow raw water by an input current and, a control unit controlling the input current such that water discharged from the deionizing filter corresponds to target total dissolved solids.

Water treatment systems including electrically-driven and pressure-driven separation apparatus configured to produce a first treated water suitable for use as irrigation water and a second treated water suitable for use as potable water from brackish or saline water and methods of operation of same.

A membrane distillation system includes a hollow fiber aerator configured to provide gas bubbles to a relatively cool permeate stream so that the relatively cool permeate stream contains gas bubbles when it contacts a porous and hydrophobic membrane in a direct contact membrane distillation process. The system can further include an additional hollow fiber aerator configured to provide gas bubbles to a relatively hot feed stream so that the relatively hot feed stream contains gas bubbles when it contacts a porous and hydrophobic membrane in a direct contact membrane distillation process.

Disclosed are methods of treating wastewater using a membrane bioreactor and achieving a target phosphorus concentration for the membrane permeate stream. These methods include the steps of dosing a wastewater stream with a rare earth clarifying agent and passing the dosed wastewater stream through the membrane to obtain a membrane permeate stream with a permeate concentration that is less than the phosphorus concentration of the influent stream. This permeate concentration also can be equal to or less than a target phosphorus concentration. In the methods as disclosed herein, the rare earth clarifying agent can be chloride salts of one or more rare earth elements and in certain embodiments, the rare earth clarifying agent can be CeCl.sub.3 and LaCl.sub.3.

The present invention relates to a system and process for treating a feedwater wherein the system includes at least one RO or nanofiltration unit that receives a feed under high pressure and produces a concentrate that is directed to and held at low pressure in a concentrate accumulator. Generally the permeate or the inlet feedwater is maintained at a constant flow rate. Periodically the system is switched from a mode 1 or normal operating process to a mode 2 where the concentrate is drained from the concentrate accumulator. However, in mode 2, the feedwater is still directed into the system and through the RO or nanofiltration unit which produces the permeate and the concentrate.