Stack assembly comprising a hollow external housing having a central axis, the external housing extending from a first end to a second end and enclosing a housing space, and a membrane stack comprising a plurality of membranes, wherein the membrane slack is positionable inside the external housing and a number of side plates extending substantially parallel to the central axis, wherein each side plate of the number of side plates is associated with a side of the membrane stack and extending along the associated side and a number of sealing connectors that extend substantially parallel to the central axis and adjacent with an inner surface of the external housing, wherein each sealing connector of the number of sealing connectors is configured to connect two side plates to each other, wherein the sealing connectors and the side plates cooperate to form an enclosing structure, and wherein, in use of the stack assembly, the enclosing structure encloses the membrane stack. The invention also relates to a method for assembling a stack assembly and a method for generating energy or performing an electrodialysis process.

A water desalination system includes a first set of ultrafiltration membranes, a second set of ultrafiltration membranes, a first backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with brine generated by a reverse osmosis process, and a second backwashing system configured to treat at least one of the first set of ultrafiltration membranes or the second set of ultrafiltration membranes with one or more chemicals and reverse osmosis permeate water.

A plurality of membrane elements are arranged in series within a pressure vessel in which at least two of the elements exhibit different permeances or selectivities for a gas or gas pair respectively.

One aspect of the present disclosure is a membrane for water treatment. The membrane preferably includes at least one membrane sub-unit, and at least one membrane cartridge disposed in the at least one membrane sub-unit, the at least one membrane cartridge having a non-cylindrical profile.

An induced symbiotic osmosis system and method for treating produced fluids from a hydraulic fracturing process or system for symbiotic fluids fractionation, salinity power generation, brines and salts solution reverse osmosis. The system includes a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to create potable water from produced water. The membrane assembly includes a hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane and headers to transfer desalinated water therefrom. The system can include an electro coagulation system, an ultra or nano filtration system, and a desalter to treat the produced water or brine. A heat exchanger can be positioned between adjacent reverse osmosis membrane assemblies. An osmotic power generation unit can create electrical power by receiving and utilizing produce water and brine water from a brine storage. The system reduces the release of global warming contributing gases associated with hydraulic fracturing, while producing potable water and power.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include an insulation base having insulating material and at least one passage that extends through the insulating material. In some embodiments, the at least one passage may be in fluid communication with a combustion region.

A filter device includes an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold and membrane filter units. Each membrane filter unit has an inlet opening for a fluid flow to be processed, a first outlet opening for a retentate portion of the fluid flow, and a second outlet opening for a remaining portion of the fluid flow. Each inlet opening is fluidly connected to the inlet manifold, and each first outlet opening is fluidly connected to the outlet manifold. The two membrane filter units are staggered and are not axially aligned with respect to each other. One of the membrane filter units is fluidly connected to the inlet manifold and to the outlet manifold via a first set of conduits, and the other membrane filter unit is fluidly connected to the inlet manifold and to the outlet manifold via a second set of conduits.

Provided is a highly practical pressure vessel in which there is minimal inside diameter deformation even if openings in a center inlet/outlet part are large, and there is little pressure-induced elongation from a center to both ends. This pressure vessel is composed of a tube body made of a fiber-reinforced resin, wherein: a center inlet/outlet part that lets a liquid in or out is provided to a tube-body-axial center part on a peripheral surface of the tube body; end-part inlet/outlet parts that let a fluid in or out are provided to tube-body-axial end parts of the tube body; the tube body is configured from a helical layer of which fibers are inclined at an angle of from 40 to less than 50 relative to a tube-body-axial direction, a reinforcing layer of which fibers are inclined at a greater angle than the helical layer relative to the tube-body-axial direction, and a seal layer constituting an innermost layer; a breakaway part that breaks away circumferentially outward from the seal layer is provided to a position on the helical layer where the center inlet/outlet part is provided; the reinforcing layer is configured from an inward reinforcing layer and an outward reinforcing layer provided respectively to inward and outward sides of the helical layer so as to enclose the breakaway part of the helical layer therebetween; and the center inlet/outlet part is provided so as to penetrate the inward reinforcing layer, the breakaway part of the helical layer, and the outward reinforcing layer.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include an insulation base having insulating material and at least one passage that extends through the insulating material. In some embodiments, the at least one passage may be in fluid communication with a combustion region.

A sea water desalination system and reverse osmosis element for use in a desalination system are provided. The reverse osmosis element includes a body of media material having opposed first and second ends. First and second end cap assemblies are adjacent the first and second ends of the body. A shell of wound composite material encapsulates and retains the body and first and second end cap assemblies together to define an integrated pressure vessel. Methods of assembling are also provided.