A water treatment system includes: EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron and concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows; and a cooler to cool the water supplied to deionization chamber or the concentrated water supplied to concentration chambers. Alternatively, water treatment system includes EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron, concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows, and electrode chambers in which electrode water flows; a cooler that adjusts temperature of the water or temperature of the concentrated water supplied to concentration chamber; and a controller that controls the cooler such that the cooler adjusts the temperature of the water supplied to deionization chamber or the temperature of the concentrated water supplied to the concentration chambers within a range of 10-23° C., based on the temperature of the water, temperature of treated water of EDI, the temperature of the concentrated water, or temperature of the electrode water.

A water treatment system includes: EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron and concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows; and a cooler to cool the water supplied to deionization chamber or the concentrated water supplied to concentration chambers. Alternatively, water treatment system includes EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron, concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows, and electrode chambers in which electrode water flows; a cooler that adjusts temperature of the water or temperature of the concentrated water supplied to concentration chamber; and a controller that controls the cooler such that the cooler adjusts the temperature of the water supplied to deionization chamber or the temperature of the concentrated water supplied to the concentration chambers within a range of 10-23° C., based on the temperature of the water, temperature of treated water of EDI, the temperature of the concentrated water, or temperature of the electrode water.

An apparatus for filtering and mineralizing a fluid. The apparatus includes an amount of contaminated fluid located in a reservoir and a cartridge that is located downstream from the reservoir and in fluid communication with it. A filter is in fluid communication with the reservoir and the cartridge. The contaminated fluid is pumped along a pathway from the reservoir to the cartridge so that the contaminated fluid moves through the filter to generate filtered fluid in the cartridge. A pre-determined amount of an additive is associated with the cartridge for adding to the filtered fluid to generate a final fluid with the amount of the additive material.

A water purification apparatus (1) comprising a RO-device (2) comprising a RO-membrane (2a). The RO-device (2) is configured to receive inlet water to be purified from an inlet path (19) and produce permeate water into a permeate path (22) and reject water into a reject path (23). The apparatus (1) also comprises a recirculation path (24) arranged to recirculate reject water from the reject path (23) to the inlet water. The apparatus further comprises a cooling arrangement (30) comprising a cooling device (31, 39). The cooling arrangement (30) is configured to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) with the cooling device (31, 39), and a control arrangement (40) configured to control the cooling arrangement (30) to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) in order to cool the RO-membrane (2a).

A water purification apparatus (1) comprising a RO-device (2) comprising a RO-membrane (2a). The RO-device (2) is configured to receive inlet water to be purified from an inlet path (19) and produce permeate water into a permeate path (22) and reject water into a reject path (23). The apparatus (1) also comprises a recirculation path (24) arranged to recirculate reject water from the reject path (23) to the inlet water. The apparatus further comprises a cooling arrangement (30) comprising a cooling device (31, 39). The cooling arrangement (30) is configured to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) with the cooling device (31, 39), and a control arrangement (40) configured to control the cooling arrangement (30) to cool the recirculated reject water in the recirculation path (24) in order to cool the RO-membrane (2a).

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant includes ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In addition, the system includes one or more UF skids including a plurality of UF units. Each UF unit contains therein a plurality of UF membranes. Further, the system includes one or more RO/NF skids including one or more RO/NF arrays. Each of the one or more RO/NF arrays includes a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes, or a combination thereof. Still further, the system includes UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors. The system also includes a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant includes ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In addition, the system includes one or more UF skids including a plurality of UF units. Each UF unit contains therein a plurality of UF membranes. Further, the system includes one or more RO/NF skids including one or more RO/NF arrays. Each of the one or more RO/NF arrays includes a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes, or a combination thereof. Still further, the system includes UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors. The system also includes a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.

High energy consumption and the negative impacts of hyper saline brine are the two biggest hurdles to a widespread adoption of seawater desalination. Taking advantage of the principal that fluid pressure increases in direct proportion to depth, this invention reduces energy consumption by relocating the process of reverse osmosis at depths where the weight of the water produces the pressure required to drive the reverse osmosis process thereby eliminating the high costs normally associated with raising intake pressure and by simply varying pumping rates, the brine stream can be pre-diluted to levels slightly above the original thereby reducing environmental impact. The simplicity of the design also reduces the costs of building and installation thereby making it likely that seawater desalination will proliferate around the world.

High energy consumption and the negative impacts of hyper saline brine are the two biggest hurdles to a widespread adoption of seawater desalination. Taking advantage of the principal that fluid pressure increases in direct proportion to depth, this invention reduces energy consumption by relocating the process of reverse osmosis at depths where the weight of the water produces the pressure required to drive the reverse osmosis process thereby eliminating the high costs normally associated with raising intake pressure and by simply varying pumping rates, the brine stream can be pre-diluted to levels slightly above the original thereby reducing environmental impact. The simplicity of the design also reduces the costs of building and installation thereby making it likely that seawater desalination will proliferate around the world.

A proportioning valve for a reverse osmosis system that controls the production of product water by the differential pressure across the purification membrane. By sensing increasing tank pressure to actuate the proportioning valve, the flow of waste water is restricted. Placement of seals within the cavity of the valve, as well as placement of waste water inlet and outlet ports, protects tension components that provide reverse tank pressure from waste water exposure. A needle valve assembly responsive to an actuating assembly that senses tank pressure removes the need for an inlet tank water port while restricting water flow.