The present invention provides a nanocomposite coating comprising: a two-dimensional material; and a polymer, wherein the nanocomposite coating is semi-permeable and is for providing on porous material to improve selectivity towards one phase over others thereby enabling separation of that phase by mass transfer. There is also provided a phase transformation and mass transfer unit comprising porous material coated with the nanocomposite coating, and a low temperature liquid phase separation method comprising flowing liquid mixture through a phase transformation and mass transfer unit comprising porous material coated with the nanocomposite coating.

A fluid separation apparatus comprising a fluid separation membrane is provided. The fluid separation apparatus comprises a fluid separation membrane extending in one direction and having a cross-section with a closed curve shape, wherein the fluid separation membrane has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, and an outer diameter of 60 mm to 360 mm when the cross-section is adjusted to be circular.

A method for preparing a palladium-gold alloy layer on a substrate by electrodepositing said coating surface with an aqueous electroplating solution comprising of an aqueous solution of a soluble palladium compound and a soluble gold complex, wherein the ratio of gold to palladium to in the solution is from 5 to 40 w/w %. Also taught is a substrate such as a vanadium or vanadium alloy gas separation membrane coated with a palladium-gold alloy layer.

A method for preparing a palladium-gold alloy layer on a substrate by electrodepositing said coating surface with an aqueous electroplating solution comprising of an aqueous solution of a soluble palladium compound and a soluble gold complex, wherein the ratio of gold to palladium to in the solution is from 5 to 40 w/w %. Also taught is a substrate such as a vanadium or vanadium alloy gas separation membrane coated with a palladium-gold alloy layer.

The present invention relates to a phytocomplex or natural concentrate rich in polyphenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol and 3,4-DHPA-EDA, derived from the waters from the pressing of olives for oil and/or olive pomace as residues of the olive milling process, for use in the reduction/attenuation of the symptoms and/or side effects associated with/caused by diabetes and/or the pathological conditions associated therewith.

The monolithic separation membrane structure includes a monolithic base, an intermediate layer and a separation membrane. The monolithic base has a plurality of filtration cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The intermediate layer is formed on an inner surface of the filtration cells. The separation membrane is formed on an inner surface of the intermediate layer. An inner diameter not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the plurality of respective filtration cells is greater than or equal to 1.0 mm to less than or equal to 2.0 mm. A partition wall thickness not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the shortest portion of two adjacent filtration cells of the plurality of filtration cells is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm to less than 0.2 mm. A thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20 μm to less than 100 μm.

The monolithic separation membrane structure includes a monolithic base, an intermediate layer and a separation membrane. The monolithic base has a plurality of filtration cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The intermediate layer is formed on an inner surface of the filtration cells. The separation membrane is formed on an inner surface of the intermediate layer. An inner diameter not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the plurality of respective filtration cells is greater than or equal to 1.0 mm to less than or equal to 2.0 mm. A partition wall thickness not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the shortest portion of two adjacent filtration cells of the plurality of filtration cells is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm to less than 0.2 mm. A thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20 μm to less than 100 μm.

A pervaporation membrane formed on a porous support containing a composition encompassing a polysiloxane, a crosslinker and a catalyst are disclosed and claimed. Also disclosed are the fabrication of membranes which exhibit unique separation properties, and their use in the separation of organic volatiles from biomass and/or organic waste, including butanol, ethanol, and the like.

A membrane modification method for improving liquid membrane separation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) includes grafting an organic substance containing an amine group on a porous membrane material, and loading water into pore channels of the porous membrane material to prepare a supported liquid membrane for a gas mixture separation experiment of CO.sub.2. In the method, the amine group is introduced through chemical grafting to make the water being alkaline when used as membrane liquid. Compared with an alkaline solution as the membrane liquid, the method can avoid the loss of active alkaline substances and increase the permeation flux of CO.sub.2.

A membrane modification method for improving liquid membrane separation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) includes grafting an organic substance containing an amine group on a porous membrane material, and loading water into pore channels of the porous membrane material to prepare a supported liquid membrane for a gas mixture separation experiment of CO.sub.2. In the method, the amine group is introduced through chemical grafting to make the water being alkaline when used as membrane liquid. Compared with an alkaline solution as the membrane liquid, the method can avoid the loss of active alkaline substances and increase the permeation flux of CO.sub.2.