Apparatuses and methods for producing hydrogen peroxide by performing coupled chemical and electrochemical reactions are disclosed. An electrochemical cell has a chemical reaction chamber configured to hydrogenate a shuttle molecule and an electrochemical chamber configured to electrochemically dissociate water to form hydrogen ions at an anode, and to reduce the hydrogen ions to atomic hydrogen at a cathode. The chemical reaction chamber and the anode chamber are separated by a metallic membrane. The metallic membrane acts as a cathode of the cell, a hydrogen-selective layer and a catalyst. The metallic membrane may comprise a layer of palladium or a palladium alloy. A layer of co-catalyst may optionally be electrodeposited on the layer of palladium or palladium alloy. An ion exchange membrane separates the metallic membrane and the anode chamber. The hydrogenated shuttle molecule may be supplied to a reactor for contacting an oxygen-containing gas to yield hydrogen peroxide.

A method for low hydrogen content separation from a natural gas mixture includes the following steps: a) providing a stream having hydrogen; b) transferring the stream having hydrogen of a) as an inlet stream to a first membrane unit for obtaining a retentate and a permeate, wherein the molar fraction of hydrogen in the permeate is higher that the molar fraction of hydrogen in the retentate, c) transferring the retentate to an electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) for further hydrogen separation and purification.

The invention relates to a coupling device for a tube having a Palladium-based membrane deposited thereon, for use in separation and purification of hydrogen in a hydrogen separator or reactor. The coupling device has an inlet for gas and configured to couple said tube to the inlet; a body part with a cylindrical opening for receiving the tube and for receiving gas flow to the inlet; a nut, the body part and the nut being configured such that the nut can be screwed onto the body part at the opening; a stack of at least two sealing rings. The body part, the nut and sealing rings are configured such that the tube extends through an axial end portion of the nut, the sealing rings into the opening such that, in use, the sealing rings are compressed axially as a result of screwing the nut onto the body part so that the sealing rings sealingly engage the tube.

An anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to filter membranes for use in actively depressing microbial viability in filtration applications. The anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to substrates that are considered to be sensitive to damage by conventional metal coating techniques or resistant to metal bonding. The coating may be applied from a salt absorbed to the substrate in solution, converted to a reducible form with a conversion agent, and reduced to active metal format through a low temperature plasma treatment.

Disclosed herein is a gas separation section for separating a first gas from one or more other gasses in a separation device, the gas separation section comprising: a first membrane that is substantially planar; a second membrane that is substantially planar; a first substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the first substrate is on an opposite side of the first substrate than the first surface of the first substrate; a second substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the second substrate is on an opposite side of the second substrate than the first surface of the second substrate; and a mesh that is arranged between the second surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate; wherein: the first substrate and the second substrate are sintered plates; the first membrane is on the first surface of the first substrate; the second membrane is on the first surface of the second substrate; the first and second membranes are both permeable by at least a first gas and not permeable by one or more other gasses; the thickness of the first membrane in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the first membrane is less than 10 micrometres; and the thickness of the second membrane in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the second membrane is less than 10 micrometres. Embodiments provide an improved gas separation device over known techniques. Advantages of the separation device according to embodiment include improved performance, easy implementation, a modular design and a scalable design.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

The present specification discloses a membrane reactor comprising a reaction region; a permeate region; and a composite membrane disposed at a boundary of the reaction region and the permeate region, wherein the reaction region comprises a bed filled with a catalyst for dehydrogenation reaction, wherein the composite membrane comprises a support layer including a metal with a body-centered-cubic (BCC) crystal structure, and a catalyst layer including a palladium (Pd) or a palladium alloy formed onto the support layer, wherein ammonia (NH.sub.3) is supplied to the reaction region, the ammonia is converted into hydrogen (H.sub.2) by the dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of the catalyst for dehydrogenation reaction, and the hydrogen permeates the composite membrane and is emitted from the membrane reactor through the permeate region.

A hydrogen-selective membrane including a metal leaf applied to a substrate. A system and method for fabricating a hydrogen-selective membrane, including applying a metal leaf to a substrate, annealing the metal leaf, applying a hydrogen-permeable metal to the annealed metal leaf on the substrate, and annealing the hydrogen-permeable metal and the annealed metal leaf to give an alloy of the hydrogen-permeable metal and the metal leaf. A system and method for repairing a hydrogen-selective membrane having defects including applying a metal leaf to an external surface of membrane material of the hydrogen-selective membrane, annealing the metal leaf and metal of the membrane material to form an alloy of the metal leaf and the metal to repair the defects.

Disclosed herein are catalytic proton transport membranes and methods of making an use thereof. The catalytic proton transport membranes comprising a two-dimensional (2D) material having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface further comprises a catalytic material deposited thereon, wherein the membrane allows for proton transport through the membrane.

Disclosed herein is a system for recovering carbon monoxide from an industrial by-product gas, the system including a supply unit for supplying an industrial by-product gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, a first membrane separation unit including a separation membrane capable of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to permeate, and receiving the industrial by-product gas supplied from the supply unit to allow carbon dioxide and hydrogen to permeate, and a second membrane separation unit including a polymer membrane in which a transition metal is supported, and receiving a gas remaining in the first membrane separation unit to allow carbon monoxide to permeate.