A premixing device includes: a gas flow passage forming member in which an x direction is used as an axial length direction, and a Venturi-shaped gas flow passage into which air can flow in from the outside is formed inside; and a blade portion positioned in the gas flow passage, extending in a y direction, and equipped with a fuel gas outlet. The blade portion includes first and second blade portions spaced apart from each other in a z direction, and an air flow path near the center through which a part of the air flows is formed between these first and second blade portions. At least one of a pair of surfaces of the first and second blade portions facing each other is equipped with an inner bulging portion that bulges in the z direction so as to squeeze a part of the air flow path near the center.

A fuel-efficient and fuel-saving device is provided and includes a first fuel-modification device, an air-refining device, and a tubing-type fuel-modification device. The first fuel-modification device is arranged in a fuel tank. The air-refining device is arranged under a filter screen of an air filter of an internal combustion engine, and the tubing-type fuel-modification device is arranged above a pipeline between the internal combustion engine and the fuel tank. The first fuel-modification device includes a first metal box body and a plurality of nano far-infrared ceramic particles. The surface of the first metal box body has a plurality of uniformly arranged air holes. The plurality of nano far-infrared ceramic particles is arranged in the first metal box body. The ball diameter of the nano far-infrared ceramic particles is larger than the diameter of the air holes.

A mixer assembly having a plurality of mixer vanes, each of the plurality of mixer vanes having a first end, a second end, and a body portion extending between the first end and the second end, the body portion having a length, a width, a thickness, a cross-sectional area, a curvature, and a twist, wherein each of the plurality of mixer vanes has a 3-dimensional shape defined by the length, width, thickness, cross-sectional area, curvature, and twist of the body portion, and wherein at least one of the plurality of mixer vanes has a non-uniform 3-dimensional shape.

A fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes a liquefied gas tank that stores liquefied gas and a pressurized gas production unit connected to the liquefied gas tank to produce pressurized gas from the liquefied gas. A fuel rail is connected to the pressurized gas production unit. The fuel rail receives the pressurized gas and delivers the pressurized gas to a fuel injector that injects the pressurized gas into a cylinder of the engine. The pressurized gas production unit receives the liquefied gas via a mixing unit that is provided between the liquefied gas tank and the pressurized gas production unit. The mixing unit receives excess gas in the form of vaporized gas from the liquefied gas tank and/or pressurized gas from the fuel rail and mixes the excess gas with the liquefied gas received from the liquefied gas tank.

A porous-medium premixing combustor is provided, which includes: an air-fuel gas mixer, a combustor body, a thermocouple, an ignition electrode, and a detecting electrode. The combustor body includes a casing connected to the air-fuel gas mixer; an outer and an inner burner-block, wherein the outer burner-block and the casing are connected, forming a square chamber, and the inner burner-block is provided inside the square chamber, with a via hole communicating with a pipe; and a mixed gas distributing plate, an ordered porous plate, a small-pore foamed ceramic plate, and a big-pore foamed-ceramic plate sequentially provided along an axis direction of the via hole of the inner burner-block. The thermocouple is provided at the casing and extends into the square chamber. The ignition electrode is provided close to an end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate. The detecting electrode is provided close to an exit end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate.

A nozzle includes an outer gas flow path, an inner gas flow path radially inward from the outer gas flow path, a liquid flow path defined radially between the inner gas flow path and the outer air flow path, and a core conduit defined radially inward from the inner gas flow path. An injector assembly includes an outer housing, a nozzle within the outer housing, and an outer housing gas flow path defined radially outward from the nozzle between an inner surface of the outer housing and an outer surface of the nozzle. The nozzle includes an outer gas flow path, an inner gas flow path radially inward from the outer gas flow path, a liquid flow path defined radially between the inner gas flow path and the outer gas flow path and a core conduit defined radially inward from the inner gas flow path.

Disclosed is a permanent magnetic device for enhancing burning of combustion material particles, comprising: a barrel-shape permanent magnetic device, and that includes a near barrel magnet, a distant barrel magnet adjacent to each other, and a first hollow cylinder space formed in a center of the near barrel magnet and the distant barrel magnet respectively, for a combustion material supply pipe to pass through; the near barrel magnet is provided with a near N pole and a near S pole, the near N pole is adjacent to a combustion device, the distant barrel magnetic is provided with a distant N pole and a distant S pole, the distant N pole is adjacent to the near S pole; and first magnetic field lines are formed by the barrel-shape permanent magnetic device.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

A processing vessel (1) provided with a material inlet (2, 3, 4, 5) and a processed material outlet (25) wherein the material flows continuously through the vessel which is split into a series of zones (6, 7, 8) through which the material passes wherein the zones are shielded from each other by controlling the rate at which the material flows and an increasing level of vacuum is applied inconsecutive zones and the system is provided with acoustic energy which imparts energy to the process material by virtue of the contact between the zone dividers and the process material and processing material in such a vessel.

This disclosure includes mixers and methods of mixing. Some mixers comprise at least one contacting element, each defining at least one mixing channel. Each of the mixing channel(s) can have a cross-sectional area that decreases in a downstream direction to accelerate any pipe fluid flowing through the mixing channel. The contacting surface of each of the mixing channel(s) can deflect at least a portion of any pipe fluid flowing through the mixing channel until the contacting surface ends at an edge at a point of maximum constriction. Each of the contacting element(s) can define one or more injection path(s) to at least one of the contacting surface(s), each configured to inject admixture fluid onto the contacting surface such that the admixture fluid is entrained by pipe fluid over the edge.