Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

An improved system and method for fluidizing dry powder-based additives into downhole well operations utilizes a dried, low-volume air stream and an ejector nozzle in order to disperse the powders into a liquid stream. In an embodiment, the system can be placed on a powder blending trailer in order to convey additives directly from bulk transport bins into a liquid stream, through the use of an atmospheric pressure hydration tank fitted with a cyclone separator to ensure an even dispersal into the liquid stream.

A polyethylene terephthalate purification apparatus comprises at least a reactor (4) which houses the plastic material to be purified, an opening connected to a vacuum pump, stirrers (16) to ensure the stirring of the plastic material inside of the reactor (4) and a heating mechanism comprising a microwave heating device to promote the excitation of the polar molecules.

A method may include determining a first dry mass flow rate of a wet paper material stream based on a first amount of contaminants, a first moisture content, and a first wet mass flow rate of the wet paper material stream, determining a second dry mass flow rate of a wet plastic material stream based on a second amount of contaminants, a second moisture content, and a second wet mass flow rate of the wet plastic material stream, calculating, using the first dry mass flow rate and the second dry mass flow rate, a paper/plastic ratio of a combined stream of the paper material stream and the plastic material stream, and adjusting, a flow rate of paper into the paper material stream and a flow rate of plastic into the plastic material stream such that the calculated paper/plastic ratio of the combined stream equals a target paper/plastic ratio.

Jet fuels' thermal oxidation characteristics are evaluated via the Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels. This test method mimics the thermal stress conditions encountered by jet fuel in operation and is often carried out by laboratory devices, known as rigs. The rigs include a test section having a sleeve and a heater tube arranged therein. A pair of bus bars secure the test section to the rig and apply a current to the heater tube. The applied current heats the heater tube and subjects the sample jet fuels that are flowing in the volume between the sleeve and heater tube to high temperatures, which may produce thermal oxidation deposits on the heater tube. Heater tubes are difficult to install, however, and a gauge may be used to ensure accurate placement of the heater tube within the sleeve. In addition, the fuel sample must be prepared via an aeration process, and systems are disclosed for automating the aeration process such that the sample is prepared precisely according to the test standard. Moreover, the rig includes a pump system that moves the fuel sample through the test section, and a pump system is provided in a double syringe arrangement that optimizes fuel flow through the test section without fluctuation. Finally, the rigs include cooling systems for cooling the bus bars and maintaining an appropriate thermal profile within the heater tube, and cooling systems may be provided that independently control the temperature of each bus bar.

A treatment device for a liquid may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air and an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor. The treatment device may also include an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer and configured to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the compressed dry air and output the nitrogen to the air dryer. The treatment device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the oxygen concentrator and configured to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

An oxygen nanobubble system may include a liquid source for liquid to be treated with oxygen nanobubbles. The system may also include a field portable oxygen nanobubble device including a portable housing, an air compressor carried by the portable housing and configured to generate compressed air, an air dryer carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air compressor, an oxygen concentrator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air dryer, and a liquid pump carried by the portable housing and configured to pump liquid from the liquid source. The field portable oxygen nanobubble device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the liquid pump and to the oxygen concentrator to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

A surface water treatment system may include a surface water source and an oxygen nanobubble device. The oxygen nanobubble device may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air, an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor, and an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer. The oxygen nanobubble device may also include a recirculating surface water pump coupled to the surface water source. The oxygen nanobubble device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the recirculating surface water pump and coupled to the oxygen concentrator to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the surface water.

The invention relates to a process for storing a toluene diisocyanate and high boilers containing mixture by feeding the toluene diisocyanate and high boilers containing mixture into a storage vessel (23) and agitating the toluene diisocyanate and high boilers containing mixture. The invention further relates to a process for working up a toluene diisocyanate comprising crude reaction product, comprising: (a) removing solvents from the toluene diisocyanate comprising crude reaction product (1) in a solvent removal (3), thereby obtaining a crude toluene diisocyanate (7); (b) removing toluene diisocyanate from the crude toluene diisocyanate (7) in a toluene diisocyanate removal (9), thereby obtaining purified toluene diisocyanate (11) as a product and a toluene diisocyanate comprising residue (13), or feeding the toluene diisocyanate comprising residue (13) into a hydrolysis in which the toluene diisocyanate is hydrolysed, thereby forming the respective toluene diamine; (c) feeding the toluene diisocyanate comprising residue (13) into a dryer (15) in which an essentially toluene diisocyanate comprising stream (17) and a dryer residue (19) are obtained; (d) recycling the essentially toluene diisocyanate comprising stream (17) into the toluene diisocyanate removal (9) in step (b); wherein at least part of the toluene diisocyanate comprising residue (13) is stored in a storage vessel (23).

A method may include determining a first dry mass flow rate of a wet paper material stream based on a first amount of contaminants, a first moisture content, and a first wet mass flow rate of the wet paper material stream, determining a second dry mass flow rate of a wet plastic material stream based on a second amount of contaminants, a second moisture content, and a second wet mass flow rate of the wet plastic material stream, calculating, using the first dry mass flow rate and the second dry mass flow rate, a paper/plastic ratio of a combined stream of the paper material stream and the plastic material stream, and adjusting, a flow rate of paper into the paper material stream and a flow rate of plastic into the plastic material stream such that the calculated paper/plastic ratio of the combined stream equals a target paper/plastic ratio.