A method for preparing concentrated and stable nanoparticle organosols using phase transfer is disclosed. The method includes transferring nanoparticles from a hydrosol into a hydrocarbon carrier with the aid of a transfer agent. The transfer agent can be added before, during or after the reaction of nanoparticle preparation and can be added to the aqueous or the organic carrier. The nanoparticles may be prepared in situ, pre-prepared in-house or commercially available. At the optimum values of the different parameters; namely precursor concentrations, amount of transfer agent and concentration of nanoparticles in the organosol, complete transfer of the nanoparticles may be achieved. The approach employs room temperature, moderate mixing and minimum number and quantity of chemicals relative to prior art. The nanoparticles may be used in fluids used in oil and gas recovery including drilling, completion, and stimulation fluids.

The present disclosure provides sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one sol-gel formulation has about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the sol-gel formulation and comprises an organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent. At least one vehicle component comprises a sol-gel coating system comprising a metal substrate and a sol-gel formulation disposed on the metal substrate. The sol-gel formulation has about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the sol-gel formulation and comprises an organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent.

The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.

A method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion, which enable high-speed and highly-efficient production of a dispersion of a reaction product having desired properties, are provided. The present invention relates to such a method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion. In the method and the apparatus, a first substance is dissolved or dispersed in a first liquid, a second substance is dissolved or dispersed in a second liquid or a low dielectric liquid, a phase of the second liquid and a phase of the low dielectric liquid are one on top of the other in such a manner that the two phases are separated from each other, a spray port of a nozzle is disposed in the low dielectric liquid phase, or is disposed at a position apart from the two phases but close to the low dielectric liquid phase in such a manner that the spray port is oriented to a liquid surface of the low dielectric liquid phase, and an electrode is disposed in the second liquid phase. In these states, droplets of the first liquid in which the first substance is dissolved or dispersed, are charged by generating a potential difference between the nozzle and the electrode, and are electrostatically sprayed from the spray port of the nozzle. In the method and the apparatus, the first liquid which was electrostatically sprayed, passes through the phase of the low dielectric liquid and reaches the phase of the second liquid so that the reaction product is dispersed in the second liquid phase or in the low dielectric liquid phase.

A method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion, which enable high-speed and highly-efficient production of a dispersion of a reaction product having desired properties, are provided. The present invention relates to such a method and an apparatus for producing a dispersion. In the method and the apparatus, a first substance is dissolved or dispersed in a first liquid, a second substance is dissolved or dispersed in a second liquid or a low dielectric liquid, a phase of the second liquid and a phase of the low dielectric liquid are one on top of the other in such a manner that the two phases are separated from each other, a spray port of a nozzle is disposed in the low dielectric liquid phase, or is disposed at a position apart from the two phases but close to the low dielectric liquid phase in such a manner that the spray port is oriented to a liquid surface of the low dielectric liquid phase, and an electrode is disposed in the second liquid phase. In these states, droplets of the first liquid in which the first substance is dissolved or dispersed, are charged by generating a potential difference between the nozzle and the electrode, and are electrostatically sprayed from the spray port of the nozzle. In the method and the apparatus, the first liquid which was electrostatically sprayed, passes through the phase of the low dielectric liquid and reaches the phase of the second liquid so that the reaction product is dispersed in the second liquid phase or in the low dielectric liquid phase.

Aqueous and substantially crystalline iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions and processes for making them are disclosed. The nanoparticle size and size distribution width are advantageous for use in a fuel additive for catalytic reduction of soot combustion in diesel particulate filters. Nanoparticles of the aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising a carboxylic acid and one or more low-polarity solvents. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a substantially metal-free remnant polar phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. A method for rapid and substantially complete transfer of non-agglomerated nanoparticles to the low polarity phase in the presence of an organic amine, and a rapid phase separation of the substantially non-polar colloid from a remnant aqueous phase, are provided.

The present disclosure discloses a preparation method of hydrosol solution, which includes: classifying total materials required for preparation of the hydrosol solution according to material properties, and allocating the classified materials to each feeding station of a hydrosol solution preparation system according to the material properties; turning on a heating system of the hydrosol solution preparation system to preheat a processing pipeline of a mixing and shearing device to make the temperature inside the processing pipeline meet processing requirements of the hydrosol solution; calculating and setting a flow rate of materials entering the processing pipeline for each material property; and starting the mixing and shearing device, synchronously opening the feeding stations, transporting each material to the processing pipeline according to the set flow rate, and simultaneously mixing and shearing all the materials by a first screw in the processing pipeline to obtain a homogeneous hydrosol solution.

An oil-in-water emulsion includes an aqueous phase and an oily phase, the aqueous phase including water and a relaxing agent, and the oily phase including an oil and at least one surfactant. The emulsion has dielectric properties simulating dielectric properties of the human body. A device including the emulsion, a simulated human body part filled with the emulsion; and at least one system capable of measuring a local specific absorption rate when the simulated human body part is exposed to an electromagnetic field are also described. A method for conducting specific absorption rate tests of an apparatus radiating an electromagnetic field including using the emulsion, and a process for manufacturing the emulsion are also described.

An improved process for producing substantially non-polar doped or un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. The promoter functions to speed the transfer of nanoparticles to the low-polarity phase. The promoter accelerates the phase separation, and also provides improved colloidal stability of the final substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion. Importantly, the glycol ether promoter reduces the temperature necessary to achieve the phase separation, while providing high extraction yield of nanoparticles into the low-polarity organic phase.

An organic aluminum sol and a preparation method thereof related to chemical technology fields. Organic mixed acids are used to react with aluminum powder to prepare organic aluminum sol as a precursor for preparing alumina fiber. The aluminum powder, formic acid, and oxalic acid are used as raw materials, the oxalic acid and the formic acid are firstly mixed to be even according to a preset ratio to obtain a mixed acid solution, and the aluminum powder is then completely reacted with the mixed acid solution to obtain an aluminum carboxylate solution under a condensation reflux condition, and the aluminum carboxylate solution is finally filtered to obtain the aluminum carboxylate sol that is clear and transparent. A chemical formula of a composition of the organic aluminum sol is expressed as: Al(OH).sub.x(HCOO).sub.y(COOCOO).sub.z, wherein 0<x<2, 0<y<2, and 0<z<1.