Systems, devices, and methods for a reactor feed distribution system. In some aspects, a multi-section pipe and an orifice plate. The multi-section pipe includes a first pipe section that defines a first channel and a second pipe section that defines a second channel. Second pipe section includes a first portion extending along a first longitudinal axis, a second portion extending along a second longitudinal axis that is angularly disposed relative to the first longitudinal axis, and a curved portion connecting the first portion to the second portion. The orifice plate is configured to be positioned at an inlet or a first outlet of the first pipe section. The orifice plate includes a maximum transverse dimension that is less than a minimum transverse dimension of each of the first and second channel.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a plurality of first catalyst tubes disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (C.sub.xH.sub.y) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a plurality of second catalyst tubes disposed inside the body, connected to the plurality of first catalyst tubes, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas containing hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the plurality of first catalyst tubes and the plurality of second catalyst tubes, and a first distributor configured to connect the plurality of first catalyst tubes to each of the second catalyst tubes to distribute steam and gas discharged from the plurality of first catalyst tubes to the plurality of second catalyst tubes.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (CA) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes, a gas supply pipe configured to supply hydrocarbon gas to the first catalyst tube, a first steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the first catalyst tube, and a second steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the second catalyst tube.

A catalytic reactor comprises a floating particle catcher unit and a particle catching surface which extracts particles from the fluid flow stream above the catalyst bed whereby at least a part of the particles settles on the particle catching surface instead of clogging the catalyst bed.

A system of reforming reactors comprises a plurality of reactors coupled by flow lines, a feed header coupled to the plurality of reactors by a plurality of feed lines, an effluent header coupled to the plurality of reactors by a plurality of effluent lines, and a plurality of valves disposed in the flow lines, the feed lines, and the effluent lines. Each reactor comprises a reforming catalyst, and the plurality of valves is configured to dynamically connect the plurality of reactors to create a first serial flow path and reconnect the plurality of reactors to create a second serial flow path through the plurality of reactors. A first reactor of the plurality of reactors is adjacent to a second reactor of the plurality of reactors in the first serial flow path, and the first reactor is not adjacent to the second reactor in the second serial flow path.

The invention relates to Quench box assembly comprising quench pipe and quench box, to mix quench gas and vapor-liquid effluent from previous catalyst bed to achieve equilibrium temperature before entering the next bed. The quench pipe is in the form of ring having aperture while quench box consists of swirling section and a mixing chamber. The swirling section consists of inclined baffles to provide swirling action to incoming stream and the turbulence created by the swirling action increases the heat transfer rate thus requiring the smaller reactor volume to attain equilibrium temperature. The perforated plate being open from all the sides allowing the liquid to flow uniformly from all directions thus providing uniform distribution on the distributor tray. Hence, eliminates the requirement of rough liquid distributor before the distribution tray.

The present disclosure discloses a fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement, comprising a shell, a catalyst inlet, an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region, a dilute phase region, a dense phase region and a gas distributor influence region; a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet, and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet; the dense phase region is provided with a plurality of dense phase baffle plates, and the dilute phase region is provided with a plurality of dilute phase baffle plates; and the gas distributor influence region is provided with double gas distributors. The fluidized bed cooler simultaneously well solves the low internal stability and the low heat exchange efficiency of the fluidized bed cooler, thereby realizing the stable and efficient operation of the fluidized bed cooler.

A method for providing .sup.11C-labeled cyanides from .sup.11C labeled oxides in a target gas stream retrieved from an irradiated high pressure gaseous target containing O.sub.2, wherein .sup.11C labeled oxides are reduced with H.sub.2 in the presence of a nickel catalyst under a pressure and a temperature sufficient to form a product stream comprising at least about 95% .sup.11CH.sub.4, the .sup.11CH.sub.4 is then combined with an excess of NH.sub.3 in a carrier/reaction stream flowing at an accelerated velocity and the combined .sup.11CH4 carrier/reaction stream is then contacted with a platinum (Pt) catalyst particulate supported on a substantially-chemically-nonreactive heat-stable support at a temperature of at least about 900° C., whereby a product stream comprising at least about 60% H.sup.11CN is provided in less than 10 minutes from retrieval of the .sup.11C labeled oxide.

Disclosed are a process and a system for treating contaminated soil. The process includes introducing a contaminated soil to an agitation unit. Ozone is supplied to the agitation unit thereby forming a soil-gas mixture, and the soil-gas mixture is agitated for sufficient time for the ozone to contact the contaminants thereby forming an ozone-treated soil and a residual gas-particulates mixture. The ozone-treated soil and the residual gas-particulates mixture are removed from the agitation unit. If necessary, remaining ozone is then flushed from the soil. The process occurs under negative pressure to prevent ozone from being released to the atmosphere.

An apparatus for production of pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate, comprising a reactor or droplet polymerization, having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate, having holes through which the solution is dropletized, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed. The outermost holes through which the solution is dropletized are positioned such that a droplet falling vertically downward falls into the fluidized bed and the hydraulic diameter at the level of the midpoint between the apparatus for dropletization and the gas withdrawal point is at least 10% greater than the hydraulic diameter of the fluidized bed.