A helical photoreactor includes a lamp module and a tube coil, which has a plurality of tube windings between an input section and an output section. The tube coil is arranged around the lamp module. The helical photoreactor has a carrier device, which carries the tube coil, and a protective housing, which surrounds a receiving space, in which the carrier device with the tube coil and the lamp module are arranged. The carrier device provides a predetermined positioning of the tube coil with respect to the lamp module and the protective housing. An elongated guide element, on which an engagement element is arranged so as to be capable of being guided in a longitudinally movable manner and so as to be capable of being positioned. The elongated guide element specifies the positioning of the carrier device with the tube coil by the engagement element guided on the elongated guide element.

A helical photoreactor includes a lamp module and a tube coil, which has a plurality of tube windings between an input section and an output section. The tube coil is arranged around the lamp module. The helical photoreactor has a carrier device, which carries the tube coil, and a protective housing, which surrounds a receiving space, in which the carrier device with the tube coil and the lamp module are arranged. The carrier device provides a predetermined positioning of the tube coil with respect to the lamp module and the protective housing. An elongated guide element, on which an engagement element is arranged so as to be capable of being guided in a longitudinally movable manner and so as to be capable of being positioned. The elongated guide element specifies the positioning of the carrier device with the tube coil by the engagement element guided on the elongated guide element.

A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

In an embodiment, a method of producing a carbonate comprises reacting carbon monoxide and chlorine in a phosgene reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first product comprising phosgene; wherein carbon tetrachloride is present in the first product in an amount of 0 to 10 ppm by volume based on the total volume of phosgene; and reacting a monohydroxy compound with the phosgene to produce the carbonate; wherein the phosgene reactor comprises a tube, a shell, and a space located between the tube and the shell; wherein the tube comprises one or more of a mini-tube section and a second tube section; a first concentric tube concentrically located in the shell; a twisted tube; an internal scaffold; and an external scaffold.

In an embodiment, a method of producing a carbonate comprises reacting carbon monoxide and chlorine in a phosgene reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first product comprising phosgene; wherein carbon tetrachloride is present in the first product in an amount of 0 to 10 ppm by volume based on the total volume of phosgene; and reacting a monohydroxy compound with the phosgene to produce the carbonate; wherein the phosgene reactor comprises a tube, a shell, and a space located between the tube and the shell; wherein the tube comprises one or more of a mini-tube section and a second tube section; a first concentric tube concentrically located in the shell; a twisted tube; an internal scaffold; and an external scaffold.