The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction comprising • (i) preparing a mixture comprising a metal-organic framework material comprising an ion of a metal or metalloid selected from groups 2-5, groups 7-9, and groups 11-14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and at least one at least monodentate organic compound, a zeolitic material containing a metal as a non-framework element, optionally a solvent system, and optionally a pasting agent, • (ii) calcining of the mixture obtained in (i); and further relates to a catalyst per se comprising a composite material containing an amorphous mesoporous metal and/or metalloid oxide and a zeolitic material, wherein the zeolitic material contains a metal as non-framework element, as well as to the use of said catalyst.

The invention provides a catalyst for ammonia synthesis which has a high ammonia synthesis activity even at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure and shows no decrease in the catalytic activity even when the synthesis reaction is repeated. The catalyst for ammonia synthesis comprises a metal supported material containing a transition metal and a support for supporting the transition metal. The support contains a metal hydride represented by XH.sub.n and an F ion. In the formula, X represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of atoms of Group 2 and Group 3 of the periodic table, and lanthanoid atoms; and n represents a number represented by 2≤n≤3.

The porphyrin-based catalysts for water splitting are composites of porphyrin or metalloporphyrin active ingredients, conductive carbon (e.g., graphene sheets, vapor grown carbon fiber, carbon black, etc.), and a polymer or binder that may be coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The polymer or binder may be Nafion oil or polyvinylidine difluoride. The porphyrin may be a porphyrin having a transition metal or hydrogen at its center, and may be halogenated and/or have a thiophene substituent.

Disclosed in certain implementations is a catalysis composition that includes a metal catalyst and a support material impregnated with the metal catalyst.

Included herein are methods for photodriven hydrogenation of N.sub.2, the methods comprising, for example: hydrogenating N.sub.2 to NH.sub.3 in the presence of a light, an organic transfer agent, and a first metal-containing catalyst; wherein: the transfer agent and the first catalyst are in a solution; the transfer agent comprises n chemically transferable electrons and protons, n being an integer equal to or greater than 1; the step of hydrogenating comprises at least one charge-transfer reaction via which the transfer agent donates at least one electron and at least one proton to one or more other chemical species; the step of hydrogenating comprises at least one photochemical reaction; and the light is characterized by energy sufficient to drive the at least one photochemical reaction. Also disclosed herein are methods comprising regenerating a spent-transfer agent back into the transfer agent.

The porphyrin-based catalysts for water splitting are composites of porphyrin or metalloporphyrin active ingredients, conductive carbon (e.g., graphene sheets, vapor grown carbon fiber, carbon black, etc.), and a polymer or binder that may be coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The polymer or binder may be Nafion oil or polyvinylidine difluoride. The porphyrin may be a porphyrin having a transition metal or hydrogen at its center, and may be halogenated and/or have a thiophene substituent.

The invention provides a method of producing a metal oxyhydride, capable of synthesizing the metal oxyhydride under reaction conditions close to atmospheric pressure, and excellent in productivity and cost. The method of producing a metal oxyhydride of the present invention includes reacting an oxide with a metal hydride in a hydrogen atmosphere. A non-oxygen element constituting the oxide comprises only one kind of non-oxygen element. A pressure condition of the reaction is 0.1 to 0.9 MPa, and a temperature of the reaction is 500 to 1000° C.

Described herein are heterogeneous catalysts for removing impurities, such as halogen oxyanions (e.g., ClO.sub.4.sup.− and ClO.sub.3.sup.−), from a fluid, the catalyst can comprise: an oxygen atom transfer (OAT) transition metal, a Group VIII metal, and a support, where the transition metal, and the Group VIII metal can be in physical communication with the support either directly or indirectly through each other, whereby the catalyst can chemically remove impurities from the fluid. Certain embodiments provide catalysts that further comprise nitrogen donor ligand(s). Accordingly, such catalysts that comprise the OAT transition metal in the form of a complex with one or more nitrogen donor ligands have enhanced efficiency in reducing halogen oxyanion (e.g., ClO.sub.4.sup.−) to Cl.sup.−. Also described are methods or kits for making the catalysts and methods or reactor for the treatment of a fluid utilizing the catalyst.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and capable of operating efficiently at low overpotentials.

The porphyrin-based catalysts for water splitting are composites of porphyrin or metalloporphyrin active ingredients, conductive carbon (e.g., graphene sheets, vapor grown carbon fiber, carbon black, etc.), and a polymer or binder that may be coated on a glassy carbon electrode. The polymer or binder may be Nafion oil or polyvinylidine difluoride. The porphyrin may be a porphyrin having a transition metal or hydrogen at its center, and may be halogenated and/or have a thiophene substituent.