There are provided herein novel catalytic approaches of producing deoxygenated bio-oil in fast pyrolysis reaction conditions. In one embodiment, HZSM-5 zeolite was modified by loading bimetallic catalyst compounds, resulting in new catalysts including MoAg/HZSM-5 and MoZn/HZSM-5. Both catalysts showed higher reactivity towards methane activation than molybdenum-only loaded catalysts. MoAg/HZSM-5 tended to catalyze dealkylation of alkylated benzenes thus yielded a product with high selectivity towards benzene. A dramatic increase in the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was noticed when MoZn/HZSM-5 was used for catalysis of switchgrass under methane atmosphere. The final liquid hydrocarbons targeted according to this embodiment are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene (BTEXN).

Provided are a photocatalyst having higher activity for hydrogen production through water splitting and a photoelectrode comprising the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention comprises a Ga selenide, an AgGa selenide, or both thereof.

The present invention relates to a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, the present invention provides a high-performance polyoxometalate catalyst, the activity and selectivity of which may be improved by controlling the content of vanadium and the like and which has superior reproducibility and may unsaturated carboxylic acid from unsaturated aldehyde in a high yield for a long time, a method of preparing the same, and the like.

A method for producing diene comprises a step 1 of obtaining a straight chain internal olefin by removing a branched olefin from a raw material including at least the branched olefin and a straight chain olefin; and a step 2 of producing diene from the internal olefin by oxidative dehydrogenation using a first catalyst and a second catalyst, and the first catalyst has a complex oxide including bismuth, molybdenum and oxygen, and the second catalyst includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silica and alumina.

The present disclosures and inventions relate to composite catalyst compositions for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons such as propane with an oxygen containing stream, in the presence of a composite catalyst comprising CA that comprises at least components a metal M, a support S, and an optional alkali metal A, and also CB that comprises one or more mixed metal oxide phases comprising metals in the relative molar ratios indicated by the formula Mo.sub.aV.sub.bGa.sub.cPd.sub.dNb.sub.eX.sub.f, to produce ,-unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and/or olefins such as propylene.

The present disclosure generally relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst. In certain embodiments, a method is provided for modulating the reactivity of the silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising the catalyst being post-treated with at least two different salt solutions. In some embodiments, the treatment results in the deposition of one or more metals onto the surface of the catalyst. In further embodiments, method is also provided of using the silver catalyst to generate an epoxide from an olefin.